tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42311192185388401852024-03-19T20:17:27.176+08:00How To Linux AdministrationLearning Linux the Easy WayPsychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.comBlogger70125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-6437580744050808572019-12-11T14:52:00.003+08:002021-01-18T16:48:28.173+08:00Install Elasticsearch, Kibana, Apache, PHP and ODBC on CentOS 7<span face=""segoeui" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #fffefc; color: #333333; display: inline; float: none; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Enterprise Data Architects wanted to demonstrate a concept for dynamically displaying ERStudio models that could be viewed by everyone in the enterprise. Their proof of concept included Elasticsearch and Kibana connecting to Microsoft SQL server resources through ODBC and displaying content with an Apache web server and PHP. This is the setup for their platform build on a CentOS 7 server.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4TvK7NQWR8Ed1TgqcTKk33-PF1yGwEdUMlbEOr7TC20f8BCQUqVEbzg0-mC_uNfKfzCsiG1AnmajLxloSAJcyGs8_Zq2gMUGtl6KO7Z1ckP6dVgkm2xK4Gqt328AMBk0FAFHuk4DKItVM/s1600/ODBC_Architecture.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="533" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4TvK7NQWR8Ed1TgqcTKk33-PF1yGwEdUMlbEOr7TC20f8BCQUqVEbzg0-mC_uNfKfzCsiG1AnmajLxloSAJcyGs8_Zq2gMUGtl6KO7Z1ckP6dVgkm2xK4Gqt328AMBk0FAFHuk4DKItVM/s320/ODBC_Architecture.jpg" width="299" /></a></div>
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<article class="post-1666 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-elasticsearch" id="post-1666" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fffefc; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border-radius: 0.5rem; border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px auto; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<h3 id="centos" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install CentOS7</h3>
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Only the minimum install is necessary for this POC.</div>
<h3 id="httpd" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Apache Web Server</h3>
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Update the server and install the httpd service on CentOS7.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum update</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum install httpd</code></div>
<h3 id="java" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Java</h3>
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Elasticsearch can install with OpenJDK, but this install will use the latest Oracle JDK instead.</div>
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Copy JDK install file to server home and run install. Be sure to install as sudo user, not as root for correct 10/43 directory permissions.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo tar xzfv ~/jdk-8u*.tar.gz -C /usr</code></div>
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Configure using alternatives (<b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: AvenirNextLTW01Demi, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">note</b>: change <code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">jdk1.8.0_201</code> to match downloaded version number)<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/java 2</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --config java</code></div>
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Choose the number for whatever option has the jdk path<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /usr/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/jar 2</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/javac 2</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --set jar /usr/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/jar</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo alternatives --set javac /usr/jdk1.8.0_201/bin/javac</code></div>
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Configure Java environment variables<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano ~/.bashrc</code></div>
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<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># User specific aliases and functions</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># JAVA</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk1</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.8</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.0_201</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">export JRE_HOME=/usr/jdk1</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.8</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.0_201</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/jre</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">export PATH=$PATH:JAVA_HOME/bin:JRE_HOME/bin</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Apply the changes in current running environment<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">source ~/.bashrc</code></div>
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Check if working<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo $PATH</code></div>
<h3 id="elasticsearch" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Elasticsearch</h3>
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Disable SELinux<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/sysconfig/selinux</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SELINUX=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">disabled</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Reboot<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo shutdown -r now</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">getenforce</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Import the repository’s GPG key<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Create repo file<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[elasticsearch-6.x]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">name=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Elasticsearch repository for </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x packages</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">baseurl=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x/yum</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgcheck=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgkey=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">enabled=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">autorefresh=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">type=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">rpm-md</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[elasticsearch-7.x]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">name=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Elasticsearch repository for </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x packages</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">baseurl=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x/yum</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgcheck=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgkey=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">enabled=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">autorefresh=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">type=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">rpm-md</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Elasticsearch<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum install elasticsearch</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Disable memory swapping (enable memory locking) and config network.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Lock the memory </span><span class="kw2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4da0d2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">on</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> startup:</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bootstrap.memory_lock: </span><span class="kw2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4da0d2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">true</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Set the bind address to a specific IP </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IPv4 or IPv6</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#network.host: </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">192.168</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.0</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">network.host: </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># The default list of hosts is </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"127.0.0.1"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"[::1]"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#discovery.seed_hosts: </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"host1"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"host2"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">discovery.seed_hosts: </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: AvenirNextLTW01Demi, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notes</b>:</div>
<ul style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style: outside none disc; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">See <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup-configuration-memory.html" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #b30022; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">setup configuration reference guide</a>.</li>
<li style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">The <code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">network_host</code> parameter allows cURL commands, while the <code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">discovery_seed_hosts</code> parameter allows http connections to port 9200</li>
</ul>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove memory lock limit by creating systemd folder and override file – see <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setting-system-settings.html#systemd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #b30022; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">reference</a>:<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cd etc/systemd/system</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo mkdir elasticsearch.service.d</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano elasticsearch.service.d/override.conf</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
… or run the command<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl edit elasticsearch</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Service</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">LimitMEMLOCK=infinity</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove max-memory limit<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># The maximum number of bytes of memory that may be locked into RAM</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Set to "unlimited" if you use the 'bootstrap.memory_lock: true' option</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># in elasticsearch.yml.</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># When using systemd, LimitMEMLOCK must be set in a unit file such as</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># /etc/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service.d/override.conf.</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY=unlimited</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Enable and start the service<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl daemon-reload</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test for host address listening on port 9200 and 9300<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">netstat -plntu</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tcp6 </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">0</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">0</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">9200</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> :::* LISTEN -</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tcp6 </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">0</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">0</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">9300</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> :::* LISTEN -</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Confirm service is running on localhost<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200'</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"name"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"elasticserver"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"cluster_name"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"elasticsearch"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"cluster_uuid"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"4H6bdDEjRqiynn2NzqtxKg"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"number"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"7.1.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_flavor"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"default"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_type"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"rpm"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_hash"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"606a173"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_date"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"2019-05-16T00:43:15.323135Z"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_snapshot"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : false,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"lucene_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"8.0.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"minimum_wire_compatibility_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"6.8.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"minimum_index_compatibility_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"6.0.0-beta1"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"tagline"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"You Know, for Search"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Confirm memory locks are all off<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_nodes?filter_path=**.mlockall&pretty'</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"nodes"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"6omlBhpfRJaRq3KAvUX8SQ"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"process"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"mlockall"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : true</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Confirm service is running over http by opening <a href="http://u9451.wa.providence.org:9200/" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #b30022; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://host.domain:9200</a> in browser and looking at the response.</div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"name"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"elasticserver"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"cluster_name"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"elasticsearch"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"cluster_uuid"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"4H6bdDEjRqiynn2NzqtxKg"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"number"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"7.1.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_flavor"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"default"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_type"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"rpm"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_hash"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"606a173"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_date"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"2019-05-16T00:43:15.323135Z"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"build_snapshot"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : false,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"lucene_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"8.0.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"minimum_wire_compatibility_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"6.8.0"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"minimum_index_compatibility_version"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"6.0.0-beta1"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"tagline"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> : </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"You Know, for Search"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove the “-quiet” from the startup service<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
View the messages logged by the Elasticsearch service<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo journalctl -f</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo journalctl -u elasticsearch</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: AvenirNextLTW01Demi, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</b>:</div>
<ul style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; list-style: outside none disc; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1.5em; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">Reinstalling or upgrading? Need to delete the /var/lib/elasticsearch/nodes directory or get a node lock error on startup</li>
</ul>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Send some data to Elasticsearch.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/1' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />{<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"user": "selfie",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"post_date": "2019-11-15T13:12:00",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"message": "First tweet, trying out Elasticsearch"<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/2' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />{<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"user": "selfie",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"post_date": "2019-11-15T14:12:12",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"message": "Another tweet, this should be indexed"<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/3' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />{<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"user": "selfie",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"post_date": "2011-01-15T01:46:38",<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"message": "Last tweet, who cares if this fails"<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
See if the data comes back from the server.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/1'</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/2'</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_doc/3'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Query Elasticsearch for the data.</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search?q=user:selfie'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Use JSON query language to get all documents stored.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />{<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"query" : {<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"match_all" : {}<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}'</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Do range search (the @post_date@ was automatically identified as date)<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/_search' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />{<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"query" : {<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"range" : {<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />"post_date" : { "from" : "2009-11-15T13:00:00", "to" : "2009-11-15T14:00:00" }<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" />}'</code></div>
<h3 id="kibana" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Kibana</h3>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Import the repository’s GPG key<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Open your text editor and create the following repo file:<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/kibana.repo</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[kibana-7.x]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">name=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Kibana repository for </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x packages</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">baseurl=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.x/yum</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgcheck=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gpgkey=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">enabled=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">autorefresh=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">type=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">rpm-md</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum install kibana</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Configure network settings<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/kibana/kibana.yml</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#server.host: </span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"localhost"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">server.host: </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"># The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">#elasticsearch.hosts: </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><span class="st1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"http://localhost:9200"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">elasticsearch.hosts: http://</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.11</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.12</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.13</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">9200</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: AvenirNextLTW01Demi, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</b>: don’t use quotes in the addresses</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Enable and start the service<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl enable kibana.service</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo systemctl start kibana.service</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Opening the service in a browser to test, e.g. http://host.domain:5601/</div>
<h3 id="php" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install PHP</h3>
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PHP 7.2.5 ODBC<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum --enablerepo=remi install php73-php-odbc</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
PDO_ODBC<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum -y install php_odbc</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test if PHP is working<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php</code></div>
<h3 id="mssql" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install MSSQL ODBC Driver</h3>
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This driver has a history of significant changes, so see <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-2017" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #b30022; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Microsoft’s latest instructions</a> for installing ODBC drivers on Linux.</div>
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Setup the server for downloading the driver as root user.</div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo su</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-release.repo</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">exit</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove any previous odbc_connect driver versions to avoid conflicts.<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum remove unixODBC-utf16 unixODBC-utf16-devel</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Microsoft driver (creates /opt/microsoft)<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install msodbcsql17</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install tools like bcp and sqlcmd (creates /opt/mstools)<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y yum install mssql-tools</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install unixODBC development headers<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">source ~/.bashrc</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Update the environment PATH statement<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo yum install unixODBC-devel</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check /etc/odbcinst.ini file for correct version<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /etc/odbcinst.ini</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ODBC]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Trace=</span><span class="kw2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4da0d2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TraceFile=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/dev/stdout</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Description=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Microsoft ODBC Driver </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> for SQL Server</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Driver=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/opt/microsoft/msodbcsql17/lib64/libmsodbcsql-</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17.3</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.so</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.1</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.1</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">UsageCount=</span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check the driver’s dependencies for any “not found” errors<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ls -l /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql/lib64/libmsodbcsql-17.3.so.1.1</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test if the driver works<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dltest /opt/microsoft/msodbcsql17/lib64/libmsodbcsql-17.3.so.1.1 SQLGetInstalledDrivers</code></div>
<h3 id="setupodbcforphp" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0.75rem 0px 0.125rem; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; vertical-align: baseline;">
Setup ODBC for PHP</h3>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Map the ODBC resources to where <code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_connect</code> expects them to be<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo ln -s /etc/odbc.ini /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo ln -s /etc/odbcinst.ini /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check the ODBC setup<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbcinst -j</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Add SQL DSN’s through proxy file<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nano /home/user/odbcadd.txt</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[EDW]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Driver =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ODBC Driver </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> for SQL Server</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Description =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> EDW SQL Server</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Trace =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4da0d2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Server =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> host1.domain.com</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Port =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1433</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Database =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> DatabaseName</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">User =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> serviceaccountuser</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Password =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> password</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw4" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #990073; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">[ERStudio]</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Driver =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ODBC Driver </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> for SQL Server</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Description =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ERSTUDIO SQL Server</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Trace =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4da0d2; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">No</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Server =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> host2.domain.com</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Port =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="nu0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #009999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1433</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Database =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> DifferentDatabaseName</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">User =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> serviceaccountuser</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Password =</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> password</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Register the DSN information into /etc/odbc.ini<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo odbcinst -i -s -f /home/user/odbcadd.txt -l</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check the DSN installation<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cat /etc/odbc.ini</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test a connection using the odbc_connect method<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">isql EDW serviceaccountuser password -v</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test a connection using the sqlcmd method<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sqlcmd -D -S EDW -U serviceaccountuser -P password</code><br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sqlcmd -D -S ERStudio -U serviceaccountuser -P password</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
If failed (because using Centos 8), do this:<br /></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">You could instead try adding them manually - openssl.cnf doesn't change much between Debian 9 and 10, except for the following changes:</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Add ess_cert_id_alg = sha1 under the [tsa_config1] heading</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Add openssl_conf = default_conf near the top</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Add the following at the end:</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[default_conf]</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ssl_conf = ssl_sect</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[ssl_sect]</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">system_default = system_default_sect</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[system_default_sect]</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">MinProtocol = TLSv1.0</span></span><br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CipherString = DEFAULT@SECLEVEL=1</span></span><br /></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">And this:</div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px 0.75rem 40px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Just change MinProtocol to TLSv1.0 in the file: /etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensslcnf.config</span></span></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />Test simple connection using PHP by editing the info.php file and viewing it in the browser<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="de1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #cf6a4c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><?php</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Data Source Name (DSN) from the file /etc/odbc.ini </span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$dsn</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"EDW"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // MSSQL database user </span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$user</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"serviceaccountuser"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // MSSQL user password</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$password</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"password"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Connect string</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$dsn</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$user</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$password</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Verify connection</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">if</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Connection established."</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_close</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">else</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">die</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Connection could not be established."</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="de2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #cf6a4c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">?></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.75rem 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Test a SQL response by editing the info.php file and viewing it in the browser<br />
<code style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: red; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php</code></div>
<div class="EnlighterJSWrapper enlighterEnlighterJSWrapper" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 10px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<ul class="hoverEnabled enlighterEnlighterJS EnlighterJS" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: #f9f9f9; border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); box-sizing: inherit; color: #939393; display: block; font-family: "Source Code Pro", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: auto; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; width: 939.75px;">
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 5px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span class="de1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #cf6a4c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><?php</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Replace the variables as needed</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$dsn</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"EDW"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$user</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"serviceaccountuser"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$password</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"password"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$dsn</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$user</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$password</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Verify connection</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">if</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Connection established."</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // SQL Query variable</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$sql</span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"SELECT TOP 10 * FROM dbo.Tableau_Workbooks"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Recordset variable</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$rs</span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_exec</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$sql</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Exit if results are empty</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">if</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">!</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$rs</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">exit</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Error in SQL"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Otherwise, return HTML table and headers</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"<table>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"<tr>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"<th align='left'>ID</th><th align='left'>Name</th>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"</tr>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Return data rows</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">while</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_fetch_row</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$rs</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // ID field variable</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$id</span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_result</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$rs</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"id"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // Name field variable</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$name</span><span class="sy0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">=</span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_result</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$rs</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"name"</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"<tr><td>$id</td>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"<td>$name</td></tr>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // close connection</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="me0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0086b3; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">odbc_close</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="kw3" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #445588; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">$connect</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="co1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #9999aa; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> // close HTML table</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">echo</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"</table>"</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">else</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">{</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="kw1" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #286491; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">die</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span class="st0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #dd1144; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Connection could not be established."</span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></li>
<li class="even" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 1px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="br0" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #777777; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">}</span><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></li>
<li class="odd" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; color: #aaaaaa; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 16px; list-style: outside none none; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none medium; padding: 1px 5px 5px 14px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"><span style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span class="de2" style="border: 0px none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #cf6a4c; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: currentcolor none 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">?></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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Source <a href="https://maxderungs.com/blog/install-elasticsearch-kibana-apache-php-and-odbc-on-centos-7#mssql" target="_blank">Maxderungs</a>.<br />
</article><article class="post-1666 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-elasticsearch" id="post-1666" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fffefc; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: SegoeUI, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br />
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</article>Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-42011983829915258872019-11-04T12:25:00.000+08:002019-11-04T12:25:00.945+08:00How to Add Network Adapter Without Reboot on CentOS 6/RHEL 6<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This article will explain how to prepare more than one network interface on a VMware virtual machine (VM) without reboot the linux server. Normally, a network interface is sufficient to run a linux server. To ensure a balance of traffic or to enable multiple network segments in a VM, it is advisable to install more than one interface card. It was assumed that the card eth0 is configured properly and working. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfpht1QQm8Qv89jUxcXcIA02cFED7e075E5ztAA5G8jYm-j92tVdBEopB9k74ThVpbCkA7_u-3KAj8t1BFNsz11PZRXa6wjwxpfq9mwiQnpZ5coZj9Sw3pvU3yzMO-IHTI5BfzIV0gQHFr/s1600/29-figure-01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="720" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfpht1QQm8Qv89jUxcXcIA02cFED7e075E5ztAA5G8jYm-j92tVdBEopB9k74ThVpbCkA7_u-3KAj8t1BFNsz11PZRXa6wjwxpfq9mwiQnpZ5coZj9Sw3pvU3yzMO-IHTI5BfzIV0gQHFr/s400/29-figure-01.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
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<a name='more'></a>The process of adding a second network interface card is very easy in VMware ESXi / ESX and VMware workstation. What you need is through the vCenter or ESXi host, start the add hardware wizard and then select “Network Adapter” and let the wizard complete successfully. The following are the tested steps on CentOS 6.4 and may be applied on CentOS 6.5 and CentOS 6.6 operating system.<br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
1. Check existing network setting.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:F1:24:F0
inet addr:192.168.2.62 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef1:24f0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:81 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:72242 (70.5 KiB) TX bytes:8635 (8.4 KiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
2. Enter network configuration folder, and look for ethx file. By default, first network interface will start with eth0. Next added network adapter will be eth1.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@centos64 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-ippp ifdown-routes ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-sit network-functions
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-sit ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-post ifup-wireless
ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-ppp init.ipv6-global
ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-routes net.hotplug
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
3. After you add secondary network interface from VMware level, the file will automatically added the mac address in /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. Please take note on the mac address for eth1.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# more /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:f1:24:f0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="
eth*", NAME="eth0"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:f1:24:fa", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="
eth*", NAME="eth1"
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
4. Now you need to create the configuration file for your new interface. The network interface configuration files are placed in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/. change the mac address according based on /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add below setting :</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=00:0c:29:f1:24:fa
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.2.63
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
5. Based on the type interface being added, issue an ifup command. In this case, we have added eth1.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# ifup eth1
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Libre Franklin", "Helvetica Neue", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
6. Verify new Network interfaces :</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 0.9375rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1.6em; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 1.6em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">[root@centos64 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:F1:24:F0
inet addr:192.168.2.62 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef1:24f0/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8019 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6949 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:804606 (785.7 KiB) TX bytes:694075 (677.8 KiB)
[root@centos64 ~]# ifconfig eth1
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:F1:24:FA
inet addr:192.168.2.63 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef1:24fa/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:450 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:40087 (39.1 KiB) TX bytes:1182 (1.1 KiB)
</pre>
<br />
Source <a href="https://webhostinggeeks.com/howto/how-to-add-network-adapter-without-reboot-on-centos-6rhel-6/" target="_blank">WebHostingGeeks</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-40165556043164964542019-09-23T17:00:00.001+08:002019-09-23T17:00:08.990+08:00How to use GPG to encrypt stuff<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed on this blog are solely my own and do not express the views or opinions of my employer(s), past or present.</div>
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You want to exchange a message / file securely with another party and do not want anyone else to look at the information. This is where you can use GPG to encrypt the message / file you want to send.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2VwbEbVdcGHh2gDMGxs8qSzvTegYoMIrjvglewSZY6EzCEmH01BEgiXOlQ_aCDMxNF1qFjNd0Dj6vYbJHT862-BJAbwk66pfB7wSakDrEn0V6M3vp6EVaYLQW3Tvjk5R4Nf1zM3pCeC5/s1600/gpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="318" data-original-width="600" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2VwbEbVdcGHh2gDMGxs8qSzvTegYoMIrjvglewSZY6EzCEmH01BEgiXOlQ_aCDMxNF1qFjNd0Dj6vYbJHT862-BJAbwk66pfB7wSakDrEn0V6M3vp6EVaYLQW3Tvjk5R4Nf1zM3pCeC5/s640/gpg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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The overview of the steps are as follows:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Make sure everything is in one file. If there are multiple files, you can put them inside a folder and create a tarball of that folder, or just directly tarball all the files</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(OPTIONAL) Sign the file using your <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">private key</strong>. This will generate a signature that can be verified using your public key</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Encrypt the file using the recipient’s <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">public key</strong>. This will generate an encrypted file that can only be decrypted using the recipient’s private key</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Send the encrypted file and (optionally) the signature to the other person</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The recipient of the message will decrypt the encrypted file using his/her private key</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">(OPTIONAL) The recipient of the message will verify the signature using your public key</li>
</ol>
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The steps below will not correspond to the points in this overview because the guide is intended to be as complete as possible without bogging you down with unnecessary details.</div>
<h2 id="step-1-generate-a-gpg-keypair" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 1: Generate a GPG keypair</h2>
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For recipient: This step is absolutely required.</div>
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For the sender: This step is required if you wish to send a signature to the recipient. Otherwise you can skip this step.</div>
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To generate a GPG keypair, you first have to install GPG. This should come automatically with Linux. For Mac OS X users, I highly recommend that you install <a href="https://gpgtools.org/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #aa00aa; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">GPG Suite</a>.</div>
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To generate a key, run the following command:</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --gen-key
</pre>
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You will be prompted for some information. I will be guiding you through the flow below.</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg (GnuPG) 1.4.16; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Please select what kind of key you want:
(1) RSA and RSA (default)
(2) DSA and Elgamal
(3) DSA (sign only)
(4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection?
</pre>
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Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">1</code> followed by Enter for the <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">RSA and RSA</code> option.</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
</pre>
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Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">4096</code> followed by Enter. We want our key to be as strong as possible.</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>Requested keysize is 4096 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
0 = key does not expire
<n> = key expires in n days
<n>w = key expires in n weeks
<n>m = key expires in n months
<n>y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0)
</pre>
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Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">0</code> followed by Enter. For convenience, we do not want the key to expire</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N)
</pre>
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Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">y</code> followed by Enter.</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
"Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) <heinrichh@duesseldorf.de>"
Real name:
</pre>
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Type your real name followed by Enter.</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>Email address:
</pre>
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Type your email address followed by Enter. The email address you use depends on the context. If you are exchanging files securely for work, then type your work email address.</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>Comment:
</pre>
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This can be left blank. Press Enter if you have nothing to add.</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>You selected this USER-ID:
"Your name <your.name@yourdomain.com>"
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit?
</pre>
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Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">O</code> followed by Enter.</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.
</pre>
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If you are using a GUI, you will see a GUI prompt open up for your passphrase. <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">Do not forget your passphrase!!!</strong> Otherwise your GPG keypair is worthless. Use something long and easily remembered by you but hard for other people and computers to guess. <a href="https://blog.lastpass.com/2013/04/how-to-create-secure-master-password.html/" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #aa00aa; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">This blog post by LastPass</a> is a good guide to generating a good passphrase.</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform
some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the
disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number
generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.
Not enough random bytes available. Please do some other work to give
the OS a chance to collect more entropy! (Need _ more bytes)
</pre>
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<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Once you the above, just go do some other stuff at your computer. It could take a few minutes before this is done. To speed up the process, you can run some intensive commands like <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">cd ~ && find . -type f</code> (assuming you have a lot of files in your home folder)</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg: key ________ marked as ultimately trusted
public and secret key created and signed.
gpg: checking the trustdb
gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
pub 4096R/________ 2017-09-26
Key fingerprint = ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
uid Your Name <your.name@yourdomain.com>
sub 4096R/________ 2017-09-26
</pre>
</div>
<h2 id="step-2-make-your-gpg-public-key-available-to-the-other-party" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 2: Make your GPG public key available to the other party</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
For the recipient: This step is absolutely required.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
For the sender: This step is required if you wish to send a signature to the recipient. Otherwise you can skip this step.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Regardless of whether you are the sender or the recipient, we shall cover 2 methods of making your GPG public key available to the other party.</div>
<h3 id="method-1-send-your-public-key-as-a-file-to-the-recipient" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16.9px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Method 1: Send your public key as a file to the recipient</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Remember the email you used to create your GPG keypair? We shall assume it is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">your.name@yourdomain.com</code>. Run the following command:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --armor --output mypubkey.gpg --export your.name@yourdomain.com
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
The <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">mypubkey.gpg</code> file should look similar to the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1
mfgQighgkm47609/132415jkamfgASHDFGkgm48610xktgy46523jrkfagmb01f4
...
...
... A lot of similar lines omitted ...
...
...
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Now you can send this file to your friend / colleague.</div>
<h3 id="method-2-upload-your-public-key-to-a-pgp-public-key-server" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16.9px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Method 2: Upload your public key to a PGP public key server</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
The alternative method is to upload your public key a PGP public key server and have your friend / colleague download your public key from there.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
We have to find out the public key ID of our GPG key. Do so by running the following command:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --list-secret-keys
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
You should see something similar to the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>/home/youruser/.gnupg/secring.gpg
---------------------------------
sec 4096R/DEADBEEF 2017-09-26
uid Your name here <your.name@yourdomain.com>
ssb 4096R/A0156F2D 2017-09-26
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
The key ID of your GPG public key is in the first row on the same line as the <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">sec</code> field. In this made up example here, it is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">DEADBEEF</code>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
To export your GPG public key, run the following command, replacing the public key ID accordingly:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --send-keys DEADBEEF
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
You should see something like the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg: sending key DEADBEEF to hkp server keys.gnupg.net
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Take note of the GPG server that the key was uploaded to. We will be needing it later.</div>
<h2 id="step-3-for-sender-retrieve-the-message-recipients-public-key" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 3: (For sender) Retrieve the message recipient’s public key</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
This step is for the sender of the message. We shall cover what follows from the 2 methods that we covered in step 2.</div>
<h3 id="method-1-friend-colleague-sent-his-her-public-key-to-you" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16.9px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Method 1: Friend / colleague sent his / her public key to you</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
This corresponds to Step 2 Method 1, where your friend / colleague (the recipient of the message) send his / her public key to you in a file. We have to import the public key into our keyring. Suppose this file is called <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">recipient-pubkey.gpg</code>. To import it, run:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --import recipient-pubkey.gpg
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
You should see output similar to the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg: key ______: public key "Your friend's name <your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
</pre>
</div>
<h3 id="method-2-friend-colleague-uploaded-his-her-gpg-public-key-to-a-pgp-public-key-server" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16.9px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Method 2: Friend / colleague uploaded his / her GPG public key to a PGP public key server</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Ask your friend / colleague the server that he / she uploaded his / her public key to.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Suppose it is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">keys.gnupg.net</code>. Suppose your friend’s email address is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com</code>. To find his / her key, run the following command (replacing the keyserver and email address accordingly):</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --search-key your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
If everything goes well, you should see output similar to the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg: data source: http://192.94.109.73:11371
(1) Your Friend's Name <your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com>
4096 bit RSA key 5019A105E6069CD4, created: 2017-09-26
Keys 1-1 of 1 for "your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com". Enter number(s), N)ext, or Q)uit >
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Type <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">1</code> followed by enter if you are sure that this is your friend’s public key and GPG will proceed to import it into your public keyring.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
If you are unsure this key belongs to your friend, verify with him / her. Get them to run the following command:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --list-keys --keyid-format LONG --fingerprint
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Verify that the public key ID you see (in our example it is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">5019A105E6069CD4</code>) matches the his / her public key ID. Proceed to import the key if everything is good.</div>
<h2 id="step-4-for-sender-encrypt-the-message" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 4: (For sender) Encrypt the message</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
We will now encrypt the message using the sender’s public key. Assuming the sender’s email that is associated with public key is <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com</code> and the file you want to encrypt is called <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt</code>, run the following command:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --output myfile.txt.gpg --encrypt --recipient your.friend@yourfriendsdomain.com myfile.txt
</pre>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
The encrypted file will be at <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt.gpg</code>. If you take a look at it, you will see that it is in a binary format. Now you can send this file to your friend / colleague. Only the recipient will be able to decrypt it using his / her private key.</div>
<h2 id="step-5-for-sender-signing-the-message" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 5: (For sender) Signing the message</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.6; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">NOTE:</strong> This step is optional. The reason why you as a sender may want to sign the message is for the recipient to verify that it is indeed you who sent the message and not someone else. This is a form of anti-tampering.</div>
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Instead of signing the message (which is also a form of encrypting the message), we shall generate a checksum of the message and sign that instead.</div>
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Let us generate a SHA256 sum of the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">unencrypted</strong> file (assuming it is named <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt</code>) and sign that using our <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">private key</strong>:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>shasum -a 256 myfile.txt | awk '{print $1}' >myfile.txt.sha256sum
gpg --output myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig --sign myfile.txt.sha256sum
</pre>
</div>
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You can then send <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig</code> to the recipient.</div>
<h2 id="step-6-for-receiver-decrypt-the-message" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 6: (For receiver) Decrypt the message</h2>
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Suppose the encrypted message sent by the sender is called <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt.gpg</code> and it was encrypted using your public key.</div>
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To decrypt this message using your private key, run:</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --output myfile.txt --decrypt myfile.txt.gpg
</pre>
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You will be prompted for the passphrase of your private key. Assuming the sender specified the recipient of the message using the <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">--recipient</code> option when encrypting the message, GPG should be able to identify the correct private key to use (assuming you have multiple keypairs).</div>
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Now you have the message! It is in the file specified by the <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">--output</code> flag. If the sender did not provide a signature and you trust him / her, then you are done. Otherwise, go on to the next step to verify the signature.</div>
<h2 id="step-7-for-receiver-verify-the-signature-of-the-message" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Step 7: (For receiver) Verify the signature of the message</h2>
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Suppose the signature is named <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig</code>. To verify that the signature is indeed sent by the sender, run the following command:</div>
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<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --verify myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig
</pre>
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You should see an output similar to the following:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg: Signature made Tue 26 Sep 2017 09:10:22 PM SGT
gpg: using RSA key ID 741A869EBC910BE2
gpg: Good signature from "Sender's name <sender.name@sendersdomain.com>" [unknown]
gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature!
gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.
Primary key fingerprint: 85AF 5410 058C FE1D 76DA 986F 910C B963 468A 0F16
</pre>
</div>
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Check that the public key ID and fingerprint. matches the sender’s public key ID in your keyring. Run <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">gpg --list-keys --keyid-format LONG --fingerprint</code> to list the public keys in your GPG keyring alongside their fingerprint.</div>
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To get the actual content from the signature, run:</div>
<div class="highlight" style="background: rgb(255, 250, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<pre style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Inconsolata, sans-serif; font-size: 15.6px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 1.3; overflow: auto; padding: 0.5rem 1rem;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span>gpg --output myfile.txt.sha256sum --decrypt myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig
</pre>
</div>
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You should see some output very similar to / the same as that from running the command <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">gpg --verify myfile.txt.sha256sum.sig</code>.</div>
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You should verify that the sha256 sum inside <code style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Consolas, "Liberation Mono", Courier, monospace; font-size: 1em; padding: 0.1em 0.2em;">myfile.txt.sha256sum</code> is the same as the sha256 sum of the decrypted file that the sender sent you.</div>
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And if you only wish to send and / or receive messages securely, this is the end. If you are curious about why we go through all these trouble just to exchange some files, read the next section.</div>
<h2 id="why-go-through-all-these-trouble-why-use-gpg-to-exchange-messages" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19.5px; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.2rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">
Why go through all these trouble? / Why use GPG to exchange messages?</h2>
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I have to admit that I am not the best person to write this section due to my lack of knowledge. That being said, I will be explaining the concepts here to the best of my ability.</div>
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GPG uses public key cryptography. This is also known as asymmetric encryption, where a <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">keypair</strong> consisting of a public and private key is involved, as opposed to symmetric encryption, which makes use of a single key. The public key can be distributed to whoever you want. The private key must be closely guarded and in GPG’s case is protected by a strong passphrase.</div>
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Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob. Alice will encrypt Bob’s message using Bob’s <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">public key</strong>. This ensures that no one else other than Bob can read the message, because only Bob can decrypt the message using his <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">private key</strong>. Anyone with Bob’s public key encrypt a message that only Bob can view. This explanation should also explain why Bob must guard his private key - because anyone with his private key can decrypt any message encrypted using his public key.</div>
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Now, Alice has guaranteed that whatever message she sends to Bob can only be viewed by Bob. This ensures the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">privacy</strong> of the message.</div>
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However, anyone with Bob’s public key can send a message intended for him. How can Bob ensure that when Alice says she sent him a message, that the message is from Alice and not from someone else?</div>
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This is where signatures come in. Alice can generate a file containing the checksum of the original, plaintext message and sign that file using her <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">private key</strong>. Anyone who has Alice’s <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">public key</strong> (and trusts her public key) can verify the authenticity of that file, because to generate that signature, Alice’s <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">private key</strong> is required. Assuming that Alice’s private key has not been compromised, it is pretty much impossible for anyone to forge the signature, or for Alice to deny that she did not generate the signature. This ensures the <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">authenticity</strong> of the message, that it is indeed sent by Alice herself and not anyone else.</div>
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The reason why Alice signs a file containing the checksum of the original message is because signing a file will encrypt it using Alice’s public key. Anyone with Alice’s public key can decrypt that file. So it is not safe for Alice to sign the message she wants to send to Bob, otherwise anyone with her public key (and not just Bob) can read it. A file containing the checksum can be sent through non trusted channels without allowing anyone to reverse engineer the contents of the original message, while letting the intended recipient verify the authenticity of the message. This is why I will recommend sending a signature to the recipient even though it is completely optional.</div>
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If you are relatively new to public key cryptography, the above could take a while to grasp. It is perfectly normal.</div>
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If you have read everything so far, you will notice something. Everything hinges on both parties trusting each other’s public keys. Especially Alice trusting Bob’s public key. Why do I say so? Suppose there is a malicious 3rd party called Eve that is intercepting all traffic between Alice and Bob. Through some very clever means, Alice got Eve’s public key instead of Bob’s public key and believes that it is Bob’s public key. When Alice encrypts a message intended for Bob using “Bob’s” public key, Eve can decrypt the message that was originally meant for Bob. Furthermore, assuming that Eve has Bob’s public key (it is a public key after all), Eve can alter the contents of the message, encrypt it with Bob’s public key and then send the altered message to Bob. As for signatures, Eve can trick Bob into believing that her public key is Alice’s public key. Then Bob will trust whatever signature that Eve sends to him and believes it is a signature from Alice.</div>
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While the above scenario may seem hypothetical, it is entirely possible. The crux of the message is: everything is based on trust and there has to be secure key exchange - we have to know whether a public key actually belongs to who it says it belongs to and we cannot trust public keys blindly. Now, these are topics I barely know anything about and shall not go into =)</div>
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Source <a href="https://yanhan.github.io/posts/2017-09-27-how-to-use-gpg-to-encrypt-stuff.html" target="_blank">Yanhat Github</a>.</div>
Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-85418263378259752102018-10-29T12:10:00.002+08:002018-10-29T12:10:11.835+08:00Creating Self-Signed SSL Certificates for Apache on Linux<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
If<span> </span><a href="http://www.linux.com/component/content/article/174-tutorials/386575-foil-firesheep-and-other-nuisances-on-linux" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #fb6b17; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;">Firesheep</a><span> </span>and other menaces have you freaked out about using unsecured connections, it's time to take matters into your own hands. In just under 20 minutes, you can create a self-signed certificate for Apache to connect to your Web site for passing any kind of sensitive information. It's easy and takes very little time to configure.</div>
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This tutorial assumes you're going to do a self-signed certificate. Note that you can pretty much follow along with the tutorial for getting and installing a certificate via a Certificate Authority (CA), but omit the steps for generating your own self-signed cert. Generate the request, work with the CA to get the certificate, and then follow the installation and configuration steps.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_o2kqu0ao1zKEYPy9bqpbYAkwhUJ-OOzpjZyUqcJR98BYieZ3YEfjPtXHiyz11ETE_Ptfx-j8J72wRYPFHmqHpKoYEV6i3n4wWlVAFj1PCPDfuok8R9JBLGHuwj6wDwWpZpUbOl3kxi8/s1600/trusted-ssl-certificate-vs-self-signed-certificate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ_o2kqu0ao1zKEYPy9bqpbYAkwhUJ-OOzpjZyUqcJR98BYieZ3YEfjPtXHiyz11ETE_Ptfx-j8J72wRYPFHmqHpKoYEV6i3n4wWlVAFj1PCPDfuok8R9JBLGHuwj6wDwWpZpUbOl3kxi8/s400/trusted-ssl-certificate-vs-self-signed-certificate.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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Self-signed vs. Certificate Authorities</h3>
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Why am I giving a guide for self-signed certs? Self-signed certificates should really only be used in a few situations — but a lot of users fit the profile for using a self-signed certificate but fail to create one and work over plain HTTP instead.</div>
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I use a self-signed certificate because I want to connect to my server securely when managing my blog using WordPress. If I'm in a coffee-shop or airport, I really don't want to be sending my credentials over the network without encryption. Bad idea.</div>
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But I wouldn't use a self-signed cert for any site that will be handling traffic from people outside an organization or for a "mission critical" type of application. That is, if you're working with a small business and have two or three road warriors who have to connect to Webmail and such over SSL, a self-signed cert is probably acceptable. If you're doing support for a larger organization, or if you're going to have people outside the organization connecting — spring for a paid certificate.</div>
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The reason? You should want to give users a cert that is signed by a third party that's recognized by major browsers. This knocks out CaCert, unfortunately, because their root certificate is<span> </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">not</em>distributed with the major browsers. But if you don't have a cert from a trusted third party, users will get the nasty "this is an untrusted site" warning. Aside from the fact that it looks unprofessional, it's also a real risk — in a large organization, do you assume that all users will know the difference between a legitimate key generated by your IT department, and keys generated by a malicious third party? No, you do not. So don't place that responsibility on your users — buy a cert.</div>
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But there are thousands upon thousands of sites that need SSL, and<span> </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">don't</em><span> </span>need a paid certificate. And I'm not a fan of spending money (and wasting time) when it's not necessary. So let's get started.</div>
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A Cert of My Own</h3>
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Believe it or not, I don't generate certs every day, so I had to troll around for some instructions of my own. The<span> </span><a href="http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1112664" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #fb6b17; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" target="_blank">post on Ubuntu Forums</a>, and<span> </span><a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/10.04/serverguide/C/httpd.html" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #fb6b17; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" target="_blank">Ubuntu Server Guide</a><span> </span>were useful and got me most of the way there.</div>
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Here's what we're going to do, in order:</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Make sure Apache has SSL enabled.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Generate a certificate signing request (CSR).</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Generate a self-signed certificate.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Copy the certificate and keys we've generated.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Tell Apache about the certificate.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Modify the VirtualHosts to use the certificate.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: inherit;">Restart Apache and test.</li>
</ol>
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Let's start with making sure that SSL is enabled by using the<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">a2enmod</code><span> </span>utility to enable the SSL module:</div>
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<code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">sudo a2enmod ssl</code></div>
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Generate the CSR</h3>
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Now it's time to generate the CSR, and fill out the questions you'd normally have verified by a Certificate Signing Authority:</div>
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<code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">sudo openssl req -new > new.ssl.csr</code></div>
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Once you do this, you'll be prompted for a passphrase — you're going to want to remember the passphrase.</div>
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Now, you're going to walk through a set of questions:</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-radius: 2px; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 10.5px; orphans: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 5px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px;"><code class="hljs cs" style="background: rgb(240, 240, 240); box-sizing: inherit; color: black; display: block; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0.5em; text-size-adjust: none;">
Generating a <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #008800;">1024</span> bit RSA <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">private</span> key
................++++++
........................++++++
writing <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">private</span> key to <span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000;">'privkey.pem'</span>
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">into</span> your certificate request.
What you are about to enter <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">is</span> what <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">is</span> called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">default</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">value</span>,
If you enter <span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000;">'.'</span>, the field will be left blank.
-----
<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Country <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #008800;">2</span> letter code)</span> [AU]:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Enter Code Here</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
State or Province <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(full name)</span> [Some-State]:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Enter State Here</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Locality <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(eg, city)</span> []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Enter City Here</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Organization <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(eg, company)</span> [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Enter Company Name</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Organizational Unit <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(eg, section)</span> []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Org <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Unit</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">if</span> you have one)</span></span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Common <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #880000; font-weight: bold;">Name</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="box-sizing: inherit;">(eg, YOUR name)</span> []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">First and Last Name</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Email Address []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Work Email</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Leave Blank</span></strong></em><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">
An optional company name []:</span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Optional</span></strong></em></code></pre>
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Parts in<span> </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">bold emphasis</strong></em><span> </span>require input. You want to leave the challenge password blank, otherwise you'll need to enter this every time you restart Apache.</div>
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Generate the Certificate</h3>
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Now it's time to create the certificate. You're going to use OpenSSL again to create the certificate and then copy the certificate to<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">/etc/ssl</code><span> </span>where Apache can find them.</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-radius: 2px; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 10.5px; orphans: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 5px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px;"><code class="hljs cs" style="background: rgb(240, 240, 240); box-sizing: inherit; color: black; display: block; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0.5em; text-size-adjust: none;">
sudo openssl rsa -<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">in</span> privkey.pem -<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">out</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.key
sudo openssl x509 -<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">in</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.csr -<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">out</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.cert -req -signkey <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.key -days <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">NNN</em>
sudo cp <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.cert /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
sudo cp <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">new</span>.cert.key /etc/ssl/<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">private</span>/server.key
</code></pre>
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The<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">-days</code><span> </span>option sets the length of time before the certificate expires. I went ahead and (roughly) calculated the time until the release of Ubuntu I'm using will be out of support. You<span> </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">can</em>revoke a certificate or replace one before the cert expires, of course.</div>
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Now, you have the key (<code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">server.key</code>) and PEM certificate (<code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">server.crt</code><span> </span>is a PEM certificate). You need to make sure that the key is not world-readable, but that the certificate is.</div>
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Configure Apache</h3>
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Now that we've got the certificate in place, you need to edit the Apache configuration to add SSL to your site. Your configuration may differ, depending on how you have your sites set up and whether you're only serving one site or whether you're serving several domains from your server.</div>
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Here's how I edited my configuration, which was located in<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">/etc/apache2/sites-available/mydomain.net</code>:</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-left-style: solid; border-radius: 2px; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 4px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; display: block; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 10.5px; orphans: 2; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 5px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-break: break-all; word-spacing: 0px;">NameVirtualHost *:443
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin <em style="box-sizing: inherit;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: bold;">email address here</strong></em>
ServerName mydomain.net
ServerAlias www.mydomain.net
DocumentRoot /srv/www/mydomain.net/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/mydomain.net/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/mydomain.net/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerAdmin
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
ServerName mydomain.net
ServerAlias www.mydomain.net
DocumentRoot /srv/www/mydomain.net/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/mydomain.net/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/mydomain.net/logs/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLOptions +StrictRequire
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/server.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/server.key
</VirtualHost>
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
If you're already using the domain, you don't need to do anything but restart Apache. If you're setting Apache up for the first time, or this is a new domain, then you want to run this:</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">sudo a2ensite mydomain.net</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
If you run it and the site is already enabled, then you'll just get an error from Apache saying it's already enabled. Note that all that really does is set up a symlink under<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">/etc/apache2/sites-enabled</code><span> </span>that links to the configuration in<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">/etc/apache2/sites-available</code>.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Finally, check and make sure your server address is in<span> </span><code style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: monospace, monospace; font-size: 1em;">/etc/hosts</code><span> </span>with the IP address you're using for the server.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
That<span> </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">should</em><span> </span>be it. Go ahead and connect to your Web site using SSL (connect to<span> </span><a href="https://mydomain.net/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #fb6b17; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" target="_blank">https://mydomain.net</a><span> </span>instead of<span> </span><a href="http://mydomain.net/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #fb6b17; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;" target="_blank">http://mydomain.net</a>) and you'll need to approve the certificate the first time — unless you skipped the self-signing and sprung for a paid certificate that's recognized by major browsers. If that's the case, you shouldn't see an error at all — just an indication that you have a secure browser connection.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Note that you can also use SSL for securing other traffic. In upcoming tutorials we'll look at securing IMAP, SMTP, and other connections, and more tips and tricks for using SSH too.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #4a4a4a; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.875rem; margin: 0px 0px 20px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Sumber <a href="https://www.linux.com/learn/creating-self-signed-ssl-certificates-apache-linux" target="_blank">Linux.com</a>.</div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-88351031559865990502018-05-17T13:13:00.003+08:002018-05-17T13:14:06.282+08:00User authentication on CentOS 6 with Active Directory based on hosts and groups<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #1f2e2d; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0.6em 0px 1.2em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Follow this article when you would like users to be able to login to a CentOS 6 host, authenticating to Active directory based on:</div>
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<li>Group membership of a user (a group like "Linux Administrators") (or)</li>
<li>A "host" attribute set per user to allow fine grained host-based permissions</li>
</ol>
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This has a major benefit. You can add users to an administrative group and besides that you can assign permissions to login to a user per host. Once you have set this up, you can manage permissions fully through Active Directory.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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Install required pacakges</h1>
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You need to install one single package:</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">yum install nss-pam-ldapd</code></div>
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Configuration</h1>
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There are quite few files to configure, I know that system-config-auth exists, but don't know if it gives the right results. So here are the files one-by-one:</div>
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/etc/nslcd.conf</h2>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"># This program runs under this user and group, these are local/system (/etc/passwd) users.<br />uid nslcd<br />gid ldap<br /># The base is where to start looking for users. Your Windows colleagues will know this value.<br />base dc=nl,dc=example,dc=com<br /># This is the URI that describes how to connect to the LDAP server/active directory server. You may use a DNS round-robin name here to point to multiple Domain Controllers.<br />uri ldaps://ldap.nl.example.com:636/<br /># This is a user that can authenticate to Active Directory. It's used to connect to AD and query stuff.<br />binddn somegenericuser@nl.example.com<br />bindpw SoMePaSsWoRd<br /># Don't exactly know where I got these settings from, man-page has more information.<br />scope group sub<br />scope hosts sub<br /># If there are many results, paging is used.<br />pagesize 1000<br /># LDAP servers can refer you to another location, in my experience this slow down authentication dramatically.<br />referrals off<br /># This is the trick to match users from a certain group and users that have a host-attribute filled in.<br /># Note that the value of the variable "host" should be set to the hostname where this file in installed.<br />filter passwd (&(objectClass=user)(!(objectClass=computer))(unixHomeDirectory=*)(|(host=mylinuxhost.nl.example.com)(memberOf=CN=Linux Administrators,OU=Groups,DC=nl,DC=example,DC=com)))<br /># Active Directory may store some values in attributes that need to be mapped.<br />map passwd homeDirectory unixHomeDirectory<br />filter shadow (&(objectClass=user)(!(objectClass=computer))(unixHomeDirectory=*))<br />map shadow shadowLastChange pwdLastSet<br /># This filters out groups that have a "gidNumber" set. This typically only happens for groups that need to be available on Linux.<br />filter group (&(objectClass=group)(gidNumber=*))<br />map group uniqueMember member<br /># Some time limits.<br />bind_timelimit 3<br />timelimit 3<br />scope sub<br /># Secure Socket Layer, yes we do!<br />ssl on<br />tls_reqcert never</code></div>
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/etc/pam_ldap.conf</h2>
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This file looks very much like /etc/nslcd.conf, don't know why there are two actually. It confuses people.</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">bind_timelimit 3<br />timelimit 3<br />network_timeout 3<br />bind_policy hard<br />scope sub<br />nss_base_passwd dc=nl,dc=example,dc=com<br />nss_base_shadow dc=nl,dc=example,dc=com<br />nss_base_group dc=nl,dc=example,dc=com<br />nss_map_objectclass posixAccount user<br />nss_map_objectclass shadowAccount user<br />nss_map_objectclass posixGroup Group<br />nss_map_attribute homeDirectory unixHomeDirectory<br />nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member<br />nss_map_attribute shadowLastChange pwdLastSet<br />pam_login_attribute uid<br />pam_filter objectClass=user<br />pam_password ad<br />pam_member_attribute member<br />pam_min_uid 10000<br />pam_groupdn CN=Linux Administrators,OU=Groups,DC=nl,DC=example,DC=com<br />base dc=nl,dc=example,dc=com<br />uri ldaps://ldap.nl.example.com:636/<br />binddn somegenericuser@nl.example.com<br />bindpw SoMePaSsWoRd<br />bind_timelimit 3<br />timelimit 3<br />scope sub<br />ssl on<br />tls_reqcert never</code></div>
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/etc/pam.d/system-auth-ac and /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac</h2>
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These two files contain the same.</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">auth required pam_env.so<br />auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass<br />auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet<br />auth sufficient pam_krb5.so<br />auth required pam_deny.so<br /><br />account [default=bad user_unknown=ignore success=ok authinfo_unavail=ignore] pam_krb5.so<br />account required pam_unix.so<br />account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet<br />account required pam_permit.so<br /><br />password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3<br />password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_autht ok<br />password required pam_deny.so<br /><br />session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke<br />session required pam_limits.so<br />session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid<br />session required pam_unix.so<br />session required pam_mkhomedir.so skel=/etc/skel umask=0077</code></div>
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/etc/nsswitch.conf</h2>
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This determines to send certain resolving queries to what facility. Make sure these lines are in:</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">passwd: files ldap [NOTFOUND=return UNAVAIL=return] db<br />shadow: files ldap [NOTFOUND=return UNAVAIL=return] db<br />group: files ldap [NOTFOUND=return UNAVAIL=return] db<br />sudoers: files ldap [NOTFOUND=return UNAVAIL=return] db</code></div>
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Starting of daemons</h1>
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When all configuration changes are done, make sure to startup nslcd:</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">service nslcd start<br />chkconfig nslcd on</code></div>
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Troubleshooting</h1>
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There is a caching mechanism in nslcd. I don't know how to flush that cache, but it caches negative hits too. (So when a user is not found, it will keep on saying that the user is not found) Waiting (a night) clears that cache, but this does not help you to solve the problem today.</div>
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You may stop nslcd and run in in debug mode:</div>
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<code style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">service nslcd stop<br />nslcd -d</code></div>
<br style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #1f2e2d; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;" />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1f2e2d; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">This will show you all queries sent to the ldap server.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Source <a href="http://meinit.nl/user-authentication-centos-6-active-directory-based-hosts-and-groups" target="_blank">Me in IT</a>.<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-10788311610495565162017-12-11T17:38:00.001+08:002017-12-11T17:38:08.155+08:00How to encrypt your emails in Thunderbird<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; orphans: 2; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Emails are by default just like postcards. That's good on the one hand, as it ensures that sender and recipient can read the email messages without issues.</div>
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It means however as well that anyone or anything that is in the delivery chain may read those emails as well.</div>
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This is done by some email providers to serve targeted advertisement to its users for instance. Email encryption is not a new concept, but it never really made the jump in the mass market. Users who wanted to could encrypt email messages ten years ago and even earlier than that.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmU6LIH-SteT4_4Q7I63PapWYvA90HZFfZsJ4tVNYSOUkculSv5PHi4V2ROoQL09cNB2mET4mr0db_6qumd_QDwcOXe5YiwzbvW72nlK-owqWwhmatT5nt-WowpYjCrPyi8p28S515UgW/s1600/E-Mail-verschluesseln.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="500" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmU6LIH-SteT4_4Q7I63PapWYvA90HZFfZsJ4tVNYSOUkculSv5PHi4V2ROoQL09cNB2mET4mr0db_6qumd_QDwcOXe5YiwzbvW72nlK-owqWwhmatT5nt-WowpYjCrPyi8p28S515UgW/s400/E-Mail-verschluesseln.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
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The majority of users on the other hand don't. One reason for that is that it is not super-easy to use encryption; first because it is not really supported by the majority of email providers out of the box, and second because it requires that recipients need to do something to read these emails, and reply with encrypted messages of their own.</div>
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The following guide is a basic tutorial that explains in simple terms how to set up email encryption in Thunderbird.</div>
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Here is what you need:</div>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A copy of the<span> </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Thunderbird</a><span> </span>email client.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Thunderbird add-on<span> </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/addon/enigmail/" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Enigmail</a>.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A copy of<span> </span><a data-wpel-link="external" href="https://www.gpg4win.org/index.html" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Gpg4win</a><span> </span>if you are using Windows.</li>
</ul>
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Setting up email encryption in Thunderbird</h2>
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<img alt="thunderbird install enigmail" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137253" height="433" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/thunderbird-install-enigmail.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="909" /></div>
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First thing you need to do is download the programs from the linked resources mentioned in the last paragraph. Install Thunderbird if you have not done so already, and Gpg4win. You need to have at least one account in Thunderbird to complete the configuration. If you have none, start by adding an email account or creating a new one.</div>
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The Gpg4win installer displays installation modules when you run it. I suggest you keep the defaults, but remove the Outlook plugin component as you may not require it.</div>
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Once you are done with that, fire up Thunderbird and go to Tools > Addons. Switch to Extensions if another menu is selected by default, and click on the cogwheel icon next to search.</div>
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Select install add-on from file, and pick the Enigmail add-on that you downloaded previously. Follow the installation dialog to complete the installation.</div>
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You should see Enigmail listed as a new extension afterwards. Click on the options link first that is displayed next to the extension, and make sure the GnuPGP installation was found. Enigmail should pick up the installation courtesy of Gpg4win. Close the window afterwards again.</div>
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Select Enigmail > Setup Wizard afterwards. Keep the default choice "I prefer a standard configuration (recommended for beginners)" and click on next. If you already know your way around, select the advanced or manual configuration options instead.</div>
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These list additional options and use fewer screens to create key pairs. Additional options include setting a key expiration date, as well as the key size and type.</div>
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You may import existing settings as well if you have access to a previous installation already.</div>
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<img alt="configure enigmail" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137254" height="532" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/configure-enigmail.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="702" /></div>
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Enigmail displays all available accounts on the next page. If you have not used Gpg4win before, you should only see a test account listed there.</div>
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Since you have not created a key pair yet, select "I want to create a new key pair for signing and encrypting my email".</div>
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<img alt="create new encryption pair" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137255" height="532" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/create-new-encryption-pair.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="702" /></div>
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A key pair consists of a public and a private key. The public key needs to be sent or made available to others so that they may use it to encrypt emails. The private key is personal, and should not be shared or made available. It is used to decrypt any email that was encrypted using the linked public key.</div>
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Enigmail explains the key concept of key pairs on the next page. You are asked to pick a user account from the available Thunderbird accounts</div>
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Select one of the accounts, and pick a -- very -- secure passphrase. The passphrase protects the private key and it is essential that it is secure as someone might be able to brute force or guess it otherwise.</div>
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<img alt="pgp pair create" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137256" height="532" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/pgp-pair-create.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="702" /></div>
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Select next once you have added the passphrase and selected one of the available accounts.</div>
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Enigmail generates the key on the next page. The extension states that this may take a couple of minutes, and that "actively browsing or performing disk-intensive operations" will speed up the key generation process.</div>
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<img alt="key generation" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137257" height="532" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/key-generation.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="702" /></div>
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You cannot process after the key generation, as you are required to create a revocation certificate as well. This is used in cases where you need to revoke the public key, for instance after you have lost it, cannot remember the passphrase of the private key, or if a system has been compromised.</div>
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<a class="u8183ff1bf7ad1e8cd088de23163fd424" data-wpel-link="internal" href="https://www.ghacks.net/2017/06/15/thunderbird-52-2-0-update-issues-with-imap-folders/" rel="nofollow" style="background: rgb(234, 234, 234); border: 0px !important; color: #1982d1; display: block; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 1em !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 1em !important; text-decoration: none; transition: opacity 250ms; vertical-align: baseline; width: 808.609px;" target="_blank"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 1em; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span class="ctaText" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #141414; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Read also:</span> <span> </span><span class="postTitle" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #d35400; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline !important; vertical-align: baseline;">Thunderbird 52.2.0 update: issues with IMAP folders</span></div>
</a></div>
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Select "create revocation certificate" to start the process. You are asked to enter the passphrase at this point and cannot proceed without it.</div>
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<img alt="recovation certificate" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137258" height="532" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/recovation-certificate.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="702" /></div>
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Thunderbird opens a save file dialog afterwards. Save the revocation certificate to a secure location, for instance encrypted storage on a connected drive, or even better, a Flash drive or CD that you put elsewhere so that it is not physically near the device you are using.</div>
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Select the next button afterwards, and then finish to complete the process.</div>
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Verification</h3>
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<img alt="openpgp options" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137259" height="481" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/openpgp-options.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="632" /></div>
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To verify that everything has been set up correctly, select Tools > Account Settings. Locate the account you created a key pair for, and open "OpenPGP Security" that is listed as an option underneath it.</div>
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The option "Enable OpenPGP support (Enigmail) for this identity) should be checked, and you should see that a specific OpenPGP key is selected as well.</div>
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Spreading your public key</h3>
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<img alt="attach public key" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137260" height="515" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/attach-public-key.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="960" /></div>
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Other users need to use the public key to send encrypted emails to you that you can decrypt using your private key. Similarly, these other users need to create a key pair of their own, and inform you about their public key so that you can send them encrypted emails using their public key as well.</div>
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You have a couple of options when it comes to sending others your public key.</div>
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The main options that you have are the following ones:</div>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Use the "Attach my Public Key" option when you are writing emails. Enigmail adds a button to the compose window that you can click on so that the public key is attached automatically to emails that you compose.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Utilize a public key server. You may upload your public key to a public keyserver for easier distribution. These key repositories can be accessed by anyone. To do so, select Enigmail > Key Management. Select the key you want to upload to a keyserver, and select Keyserver > Upload Public Keys afterwards.</li>
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Importing public keys</h3>
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<img alt="keyserver find public keys" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137261" height="170" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/keyserver-find-public-keys.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="268" /></div>
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You need to import public keys before you can use them. If you use Enigmail, this can be done in several ways:</div>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Double-clicking on the .asc key file to import the key.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 15px; list-style-type: decimal; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Searching for keys using Enigmail > Key Management > Keyserver > Search for keys.</li>
</ol>
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Validate keys</h3>
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<img alt="enigmail sign key" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137262" height="394" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/enigmail-sign-key.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="643" /></div>
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Signing keys is a form of verification. Since you don't really know if a key has been tampered with, you may validate it through other forms of communication.</div>
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Maybe over a (secure) phone call, or in person. To validate a key, select Enigmail > Key Management. Double-click on the key name that you want to validate to open the key properties.</div>
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You find a "certify" button next to validity on the page that opens. Click on it, and select the "I have done very careful checking" and type the passphrase afterwards.</div>
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Encrypting and decrypting emails</h3>
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<img alt="encrypt message" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-137263" height="515" src="https://cdn.ghacks.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/encrypt-message.png" style="background: none; border: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 15px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 3px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="960" /></div>
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Now that you are done setting up Enigmail, it is time to encrypt emails, and decrypt them. To encrypt a message, simply click on the encrypt button in the compose window to do so. You may sign the message as well, and attach the public key to it.</div>
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You need the recipients public key to encrypt email messages. If you don't have them, you cannot use the encrypt option to protect it from prying eyes.</div>
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If you add attachments to encrypted emails, you are queried on how you want to handle those. You can send attachments not encrypted as part of the message, or encrypted in multiple ways (inline PGP, PGP/Mime separately or as a whole).</div>
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Thunderbird will ask for your passphrase to decrypt messages that are encrypted. These are then displayed just like any other email.</div>
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Closing Words</h3>
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Setup is not difficult and it takes a couple of minutes to create your first key pair and configure the extension and Thunderbird accordingly.</div>
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The biggest issue is to get others to use PGP. If you are the tech savvy one in your family, at work or your circle of friends, you may need to assist others in setting this up.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; orphans: 2; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Source: <a href="https://www.ghacks.net/2017/09/21/how-to-encrypt-your-emails-in-thunderbird/" target="_blank">Ghacks.net</a>. </div>
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-78098507501564869312017-11-13T15:34:00.002+08:002017-11-13T15:34:42.727+08:00Awesome Linux (vs Windows) jokes of all time<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Let me start with some tiny fun missiles on windows! </span><br />
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Windows means "Work is never done on Windows systems"<br />
Computers are like air conditioners, they stop working properly if you open Windows.<br />
Never trust an operating system you don't have the source of.<br />
"Windows For Dummies", another term of "this sentence no verb"<br />
My SPARCstation has air conditioning. No need to open windows.<br />
Micro$oft broke Volkswagen's world record: Volkswagen only made 22 million bugs!<br />
Have you reinstalled your Windows today?<br />
In a world without walls and fences - who needs windows and gates?!<br />
Windows - The best $199 solitaire game you can buy!<br />
Windows is true multitasking... it can bootup and crash at the same time!</div>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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Macs are for those who don't want to know why their computer works.<br />
Linux is for those who want to know why their computer works.<br />
DOS is for those who want to know why their computer doesn't work.<br />
Windows is for those who don't want to know why their computer doesn't work.</div>
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Computers are like air conditioners -- they stop working properly if you open WINDOWS.</div>
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Try this ==> sudo apt-get moo</div>
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"Windows has always borrowed, copied, intergrated and assimilated ideas and even source code from many other systems.</div>
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A few years back, I remember running a buit-in windows command on a Windows 2000 domain controller, and getting the error message<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
"error: /dev/tty not found"</div>
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Windows user's prayer<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Our Windows, who is on harddrives<br />
Wide open your ports<br />
You viruses come,<br />
On 95 as it is on XP<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Give us this day our daily ServicePacks<br />
and forgive our Linux partitions<br />
as we forgive those flaws from your drivers<br />
and lead us not into the blue screen<br />
but deliver us from software conflicts.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Yours is the whole RAM and harddrive<br />
and all processor's Hertzs<br />
forever and ever CTRL+ALT+DELETE!</div>
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Microsoft vs Linux<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Three Microsoft engineers and three Linux engineers are about to board a train to a computer conference. The Linux engineers notice that the Microsoft engineers bought only one ticket between them.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
The Linux engineers ask the Microsoft engineers how they plan on getting to the conference. "Watch and learn," one of the Microsoft engineers tells them.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
As soon as the train leaves the station, the three Microsoft engineers rush from their seats and all squeeze into one restroom. When the conductor comes through the car he knocks on the restroom door and says "ticket please!" The door opens a crack and the one ticket is handed to the conductor. The Linux engineers are impressed, and decide that's what they will do on the trip back.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Then on the return trip, the Linux engineers notice that the Microsoft engineers haven't bought any tickets. "How do you plan on getting home without any tickets?" they ask. "Watch and learn," one of the Microsoft engineers tells them.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
As soon as the train leaves the station, the three Linux engineers hurry for the restroom. A few moments later, one of the Microsoft engineers gets up from his seat, knocks on the restroom door and says, "ticket please!"</div>
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Linux Mottos Linux, because we don't need no steenkin' Blue Screen of Death!<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
The nice thing about Windows is - It does not just crash, it displays a dialog.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Fatal Error: Found Windows Vista System -> Repartitioning Disk for Linux...<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Linux: "You've got questions we've got answers and no distracting dancing paperclips."<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Linux: because a PC is a terrible thing to waste.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Linux, DOS, Vista : "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"</div>
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Heres one. You'll only get this if you are an aussie and you can see the funny side of ALL jokes.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
A geek was sitting at a bar and a hot blonde walks up to him and says:<br />
"Hey baby! Wanna root?"<br />
The geek stood there dumbfounded and then suddenly replied:<br />
"Its not safe to be root!"</div>
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If Operating Systems Ran The Airlines<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
UNIX Airways<br />
Everyone brings one piece of the plane along when they come to the airport. They all go out on the runway and put the plane together piece by piece, arguing non-stop about what kind of plane they are supposed to be building.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Air DOS<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Everybody pushes the airplane until it glides, then they jump on and let the plane coast until it hits the ground again. Then they push again, jump on again, and so on ...<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Mac Airlines<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
All the stewards, captains, baggage handlers, and ticket agents look and act exactly the same. Every time you ask questions about details, you are gently but firmly told that you don't need to know, don't want to know, and everything will be done for you without your ever having to know, so just shut up.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Windows Air<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
The terminal is pretty and colorful, with friendly stewards, easy baggage check and boarding, and a smooth take-off. After about 10 minutes in the air, the plane explodes with no warning whatsoever.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Windows NT Air<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Just like Windows Air, but costs more, uses much bigger planes, and takes out all the other aircraft within a 40-mile radius when it explodes.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Linux Air<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Disgruntled employees of all the other OS airlines decide to start their own airline. They build the planes, ticket counters, and pave the runways themselves. They charge a small fee to cover the cost of printing the ticket, but you can also download and print the ticket yourself. When you board the plane, you are given a seat, four bolts, a wrench and a copy of the Seat-HOWTO.html. Once settled, the fully adjustable seat is very comfortable, the plane leaves and arrives on time without a single problem, the in-flight meal is wonderful. You try to tell customers of the other airlines about the great trip, but all they can say is, "You had to do what with the seat?"</div>
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Q: What's the difference between a Windows PC and a Trampoline ?<br />
A: You take your boots OFF to jump on a trampoline.</div>
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If Restaurants functioned like Microsoft....<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
If restaurants functioned like shrink-wrapped (Microsoft) software:<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Patron: Waiter!<br />
Waiter: Hi, my name is Bill, and I'll be your Support Waiter. What seems to be the problem?<br />
Patron: There's a fly in my soup!<br />
Waiter: Try again, maybe the fly won't be there this time.<br />
Patron: No, it's still there.<br />
Waiter: Maybe it's the way you're using the soup; try eating it with a fork instead.<br />
Patron: Even when I use the fork, the fly is still there.<br />
Waiter: Maybe the soup is incompatible with the bowl; what kind of bowl are you using?<br />
Patron: A SOUP bowl!<br />
Waiter: Hmmm, that should work. Maybe it's a configuration problem; how was the bowl set up?<br />
Patron: You brought it to me on a saucer;what has that to do with the fly in my soup?!<br />
Waiter: Can you remember everything you did before you noticed the fly in your soup?<br />
Patron: I sat down and ordered the Soup of the Day!<br />
Waiter: Have you considered upgrading to the latest Soup of the Day?<br />
Patron: You have more than one Soup of the Day each day??<br />
Waiter: Yes, the Soup of the Day is changed every hour.<br />
Patron: Well, what is the Soup of the Day now? Waiter: The current Soup of the Day is tomato.<br />
Patron: Fine. Bring me the tomato soup, and the check. I'm running late now.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
[waiter leaves and returns with another bowl of soup and the check]<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Waiter: Here you are, Sir. The soup and your check.<br />
Patron: This is potato soup.<br />
Waiter: Yes, the tomato soup wasn't ready yet.<br />
Patron: Well, I'm so hungry now, I'll eat anything.<br />
[waiter leaves.]<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Patron: Waiter! There's a gnat in my soup!<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
The check:<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
Soup of the Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5.00<br />
Upgrade to newer Soup of the Day. . . . . . . . $2.50<br />
Access to support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00</div>
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5 reasons why I'm convinced that my penis runs Linux.<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
1. I can create child processes<br />
2. I can handle multiple users on any platform at once.<br />
3. I'm VERY user friendly.<br />
4. I have incredible uptime.<br />
5. When my system load gets too heavy, I end up dumping my core and the system shuts down.</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
Q: What did Linux say to the Windows partition?<br />
A: Go fsck yourself!!</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
One day God called the President of the United States, an Atheist and Bill Gates to heaven. When they go there God told them that He was going to end the world in 30 days. He wanted to tell them so they could inform the rest of the world. The Atheist leader went back and said to his friend "I have bad news and worse news. The bad news it we were wrong about, there is a God. And the worse news is he is going to end the world in 30 days". The President went back and told the Senate "I have good news and bad news. The good news is God is talking to me! Oh.. and the bad news is he is going to kill us all in 30 days." Bill went back to Micro$oft and called a meeting. When everyone go there he said "I have good news and better news. The good news it, God thinks I'm on of the most well connected people on earth. The better news is, we don't have to fix Windows Vista!"</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
sudo chown -R us ./allyourbase<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
If you don't get that you are a noob.</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
A Geek's one night stand:<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
whois && gawk && uname && talk && date && wine && touch && unzip && strip && touch && finger && mount && fsck && more && yes; yes; more; yes; umount && make clean && sleep</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
$ cat "door: paws too slippery"<br />
cat: cannot open door: paws too slippery<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
$ touch /woman<br />
touch: cannot touch `woman': Permission denied<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
$ look into "my eyes"<br />
can’t open my eyes<br />
<br style="position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;" />
$ man -kisses dog<br />
dog: nothing appropriate</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
One day Bill Gates died and met god. God said "Now then, Bill, i'll show you heaven and hell and you can choose which one you want to go to. Sound good?"<br />
"Yeah!,"replies Gates. So god takes Gates to hell first. In hell he shows him pretty maidens, beautiful landscapes and an endless supply of pop tarts. "So you like it?"he asks him. "Yeah, it's great,"Gates replies. So god takes him to heaven. In heaven he shows him quite pretty maidens, quite beautiful landscapes and a not quite endless supply of pop tarts. "So bill have you made your choice?" "Yes, God. i want to go to hell," "OK then." And Bill Gates is whisked away to hell. But it is not the hell he saw before. Here there are no pretty maidens, no beautiful landscapes and no pop tarts. Instead there are all the most horrible things ever. "Aaaahhhh! Where am I!"asks Gates. "In hell,"replies god. "But it's not how it was before!"cries Gates. "Aahh. That was just the demo Bill."</div>
<div class="block-panel" style="background-color: #333333; color: #cccccc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 10px; padding: 10px; position: relative; word-wrap: break-word;">
Lastly, /home is where the /heart is.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Source <a href="http://www.coolcoder.in/2014/02/awesome-linux-jokes-of-all-time.html" target="_blank">Coolcoder</a>.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-90283307289349494002017-11-10T16:35:00.002+08:002017-11-10T16:36:41.560+08:00Configure Postfix to Send Mail Using an External SMTP ServerThere are many reasons why you would want to configure Postfix to
send email using an external SMTP provider such as Mandrill, SendGrid,
Amazon SES, or any other SMTP server. One reason is to avoid getting
your mail flagged as spam if your current server’s IP has been added to a
spam list.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqA7PH4Oi3PkyF-IwQpv5Le-1ANUdGw04xrypFMG_iFNeUFjGtzcMNhp3dMoZQ3n8o-8gudwD80Z7qScG7iH5_gqQbAGGqx7JgKhAv6UEE1i1_pPY-8KMjK5ItbD5_JtO9M8M7iTz-1CrK/s1600/external_smtp_tg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqA7PH4Oi3PkyF-IwQpv5Le-1ANUdGw04xrypFMG_iFNeUFjGtzcMNhp3dMoZQ3n8o-8gudwD80Z7qScG7iH5_gqQbAGGqx7JgKhAv6UEE1i1_pPY-8KMjK5ItbD5_JtO9M8M7iTz-1CrK/s1600/external_smtp_tg.jpg" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
In this tutorial, you will learn how to install and configure a Postfix server to send email through Mandrill, or SendGrid.<br />
<h2 id="updated-guide-for-gmail-and-google-apps">
Updated Guide for Gmail and Google Apps</h2>
We’ve got an updated version of this guide that works with Gmail’s new security features!<br />
If you’re using Gmail or Google Apps, see our <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/configure-postfix-to-send-mail-using-gmail-and-google-apps-on-debian-or-ubuntu">Configure Postfix to Send Mail Using Gmail and Google Apps on Debian or Ubuntu</a> guide instead.<br />
<h2 id="prerequisites">
Prerequisites</h2>
Before starting this tutorial, you should have:<br />
<ul>
<li>Debian 7 installed on your Linode</li>
<li>Your fully qualified domain name (FQDN)</li>
<li>
All updates installed :<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo apt-get update
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>A valid username and password for the SMTP mail provider, such as Mandrill, or SendGrid</li>
<li>
Make sure the libsasl2-modules package is installed and up to date:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo apt-get install libsasl2-modules
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="note">
This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with <code>sudo</code>. If you’re not familiar with the <code>sudo</code> command, you can check our <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/tools-reference/linux-users-and-groups">Users and Groups</a> guide.</blockquote>
<h2 id="installing-postfix">
Installing Postfix</h2>
In this section, you will install Postfix and set the domain and hostname.<br />
<ol>
<li>
Install Postfix with the following command:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo apt-get install postfix
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
During the installation, a prompt will appear asking for your <b>General type of mail configuration</b>.<br />
<a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/assets/1736-postfixsmtp1.png" target="_blank"><img alt="Postix configuration, General type of mail configuration options" src="https://www.linode.com/docs/assets/1737-postfixsmtp1_sm.png" /></a><br />
Select <b>Internet Site</b>.<br />
</li>
<li>
Enter the fully qualified name of your domain, <b>fqdn.example.com</b>.<br />
<a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/assets/1739-postfixsmtp2.png" target="_blank"><img alt="Postix configuration, System mail name prompt" src="https://www.linode.com/docs/assets/1738-postfixsmtp2_sm.png" /></a><br />
</li>
<li>
Once the installation is finished, open the <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> file with your favorite text editor:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
Make sure that the <b>myhostname</b> parameter is configured with your server’s FQDN:<br />
<dl class="file-excerpt">
<dt>/etc/postfix/main.cf</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>myhostname = fqdn.example.com
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="configuring-smtp-usernames-and-passwords">
Configuring SMTP Usernames and Passwords</h2>
Usernames and passwords are generally stored in a file called <code>sasl_passwd</code> in the <code>/etc/postfix/</code> directory. In this section, you’ll add your external mail provider credentials to this file and to Postfix.<br />
If you want to use <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/postfix-smtp-debian7#settings-for-mandrill">Mandrill</a>, or <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/postfix-smtp-debian7#settings-for-sendgrid">SendGrid</a>
as your SMTP provider, you may want to reference the appropriate
example while working on this section. For Google Apps and
Gmail-specific settings, check out our <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/configure-postfix-to-send-mail-using-gmail-and-google-apps-on-debian-or-ubuntu">Configure Postfix to Send Mail Using Gmail and Google Apps on Debian or Ubuntu</a> guide.<br />
<ol>
<li>
Open or create the <code>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</code> file, using your favorite text editor:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo nano /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
Add your destination (SMTP Host), username, and password in the following format:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>[mail.isp.example] username:password
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<blockquote class="note">
If you want to specify a non-default TCP Port (such as 587), then use the following format:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>[mail.isp.example]:587 username:password
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
Create the hash db file for Postfix by running the <code>postmap</code> command:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
If all went well, you should have a new file named <code>sasl_passwd.db</code> in the <code>/etc/postfix/</code> directory.<br />
<h2 id="securing-your-password-and-hash-database-files">
Securing Your Password and Hash Database Files</h2>
The <code>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</code> and the <code>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db</code> files created in the previous steps contain your SMTP credentials in plain text.<br />
For security reasons, you should change their permissions so that only the <b>root</b>
user can read or write to the file. Run the following commands to
change the ownership to root and update the permissions for the two
files:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1
2</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
sudo chmod 0600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd.db
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h2 id="configuring-the-relay-server">
Configuring the Relay Server</h2>
In this section, you will configure the <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> file to use the external SMTP server.<br />
<ol>
<li>
Open the <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> file with your favorite text editor:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
Update the <b>relayhost</b> parameter to show your external SMTP relay host. <b>Important</b>: If you specified a non-default TCP port in the <code>sasl_passwd</code> file, then you must use the same port when configuring the <b>relayhost</b> parameter.<br />
<dl class="file-excerpt">
<dt>/etc/postfix/main.cf</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1
2</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre># specify SMTP relay host
relayhost = [mail.isp.example]:587
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<blockquote class="note">
Check the appropriate <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/configure-postfix-to-send-mail-using-gmail-and-google-apps-on-debian-or-ubuntu">Google Apps</a>, <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/postfix-smtp-debian7#settings-for-mandrill">Mandrill</a>, or <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/postfix-smtp-debian7#settings-for-sendgrid">SendGrid</a> section for the details to enter here.</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
At the end of the file, add the following parameters to enable authentication:<br />
<dl class="file-excerpt">
<dt>/etc/postfix/main.cf</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre># enable SASL authentication
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
# disallow methods that allow anonymous authentication.
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
# where to find sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# Enable STARTTLS encryption
smtp_use_tls = yes
# where to find CA certificates
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
<li>Save your changes.</li>
<li>
Restart Postfix:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo service postfix restart
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="testing-postfix">
Testing Postfix</h2>
The fastest way to test your configuration is to send an email to any unrelated email address, using the <code>mail</code> command:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>echo "body of your email" | mail -s "This is a Subject" -a "From: you@example.com" recipient@elsewhere.com
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Alternatively, you can use Postfix’s own sendmail implementation, by entering lines similar to those shown below:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1
2
3
4
5</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sendmail recipient@elsewhere.com
From: you@example.com
Subject: Test mail
This is a test email
.
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h2 id="examples-of-postfix-configurations-with-different-providers">
Examples of Postfix Configurations with Different Providers</h2>
This section shows you settings for some popular mail services you
can use as external SMTP servers. You may have to do some fine-tuning on
your own to avoid Postfix logins being flagged as suspicious.<br />
<h3 id="settings-for-mandrill">
Settings for Mandrill</h3>
Use these settings for Mandrill.<br />
<ol>
<li>
For <code>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</code>, use the following configuration with your own credentials:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>[smtp.mandrillapp.com]:587 USERNAME:API_KEY
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
<li>
For <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code>, use the following <b>relayhost</b>:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/main.cf</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>relayhost = [smtp.mandrillapp.com]:587
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
<li>
Create the hash db file for Postfix by running the <code>postmap</code> command:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
Restart Postfix:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo service postfix restart
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="settings-for-sendgrid">
Settings for SendGrid</h3>
Use these settings for SendGrid.<br />
<ol>
<li>
For <code>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</code>, use the following configuration with your own credentials:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>[smtp.sendgrid.net]:587 USERNAME:PASSWORD
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
<li>
For <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code>, use the following <b>relayhost</b>:<br />
<dl class="file">
<dt>/etc/postfix/main.cf</dt>
<dd><div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>relayhost = [smtp.sendgrid.net]:587
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</li>
<li>
Create the hash db file for Postfix by running the <code>postmap</code> command:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
<li>
Restart Postfix:<br />
<div class="highlight plaintext">
<table style="border-spacing: 0;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right;"><pre class="lineno">1</pre>
</td><td class="code"><pre>sudo service postfix restart
</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
Source <a href="https://www.linode.com/docs/email/postfix/postfix-smtp-debian7" target="_blank">Linode</a>.<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-64230121949938223862017-08-16T14:54:00.003+08:002017-08-16T14:54:40.177+08:00Re-Sizing Partitions In Centos7<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2.3rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
By default in a CentOS7 install we get a couple of partitions created for the root user and one for home usually something like this:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOExiPpRmb4zQYYpMRz2hXa5F-VU1UBHtHdcvhmoqvA2Fm_M75EOKHiUDK_V0uctupIdDluN8EjkwQaCzdDrJd90Ilsjjt-1wGqWLk3L6Lq5N_RW73b4JAYKl4tnE6C-Soc6KiR8xkgA9/s1600/3219157599_53734dcfc9_hard-drive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="500" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOExiPpRmb4zQYYpMRz2hXa5F-VU1UBHtHdcvhmoqvA2Fm_M75EOKHiUDK_V0uctupIdDluN8EjkwQaCzdDrJd90Ilsjjt-1wGqWLk3L6Lq5N_RW73b4JAYKl4tnE6C-Soc6KiR8xkgA9/s320/3219157599_53734dcfc9_hard-drive.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a name='more'></a><pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 70G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 69.5G 0 part
├─centos-swap 253:0 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─centos-root 253:1 0 45.3G 0 lvm /
└─centos-home 253:2 0 22.1G 0 lvm /home
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
</pre>
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Note that the root partition is 45.3Gb and the home partition is 22.1Gb</div>
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Often I find myself wanting or needing to remove the centos-home partition and expand the centos-root partition.</div>
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It is a pretty straight forward exercise, but one that I often forget the steps involved.</div>
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So here they are:</div>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• First backup any data that might exist in /home so you can restore it later.</h4>
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There are many ways to do this and depending upon how much data you have and where you need to store your backup. So I will leave this up to you to decide how to go about this</div>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• Unmount the centos-home partition.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># umount /home/</pre>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• Next show the logical volumes.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID H8tAWA-f5nF-iBXR-Ew3L-djcI-4Vpg-zcjsPK
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-07-20 05:28:54 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 45.34 GiB
Current LE 11607
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/home
LV Name home
VG Name centos
LV UUID VvIe9h-ZdOF-KvhU-PDLZ-zpXD-rrMV-MTAwSA
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-07-20 05:28:54 -0400
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 22.14 GiB
Current LE 5667
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID 1C22cf-Mq0r-5cDY-YX5T-d7sh-tMLu-zbAxAh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-07-20 05:28:55 -0400
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.03 GiB
Current LE 520
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
</pre>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
•Now remove the logical volume for centos-home.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># lvremove /dev/centos/home
Do you really want to remove active logical volume home? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "home" successfully removed
</pre>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
•You should now have the free space available in VFree when you have a look using vgs.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 2 0 wz--n- 69.51g 22.14g
</pre>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• Now resize the centos-root partition.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># lvextend --size +22.13GB -r /dev/mapper/centos-root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 22.13 GiB
Extending logical volume root to 67.47 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resized
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=2971392 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=11885568, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5803, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11885568 to 17687552
</pre>
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Note that I expanded the partition by slightly less than the available space, 22.13Gb instead of 22.14Gb, this is just to make sure you avoid hitting an insufficient free space error.</div>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• Confirm your new partition size.</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 70G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 69.5G 0 part
├─centos-swap 253:0 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-root 253:1 0 67.5G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
</pre>
<h4 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
• Remove the centos-home mount from fstab so that the system does not try to mount it at startup</h4>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04); box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1.3rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; hyphens: none; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 2.3rem 0px; orphans: 2; overflow: auto; padding: 2rem; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># sed -i '/centos-home/d' /etc/fstab
</pre>
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Reboot and you’re done!</div>
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Easy!</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2.3rem; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Source <a href="https://themacwrangler.wordpress.com/2015/01/16/re-sizing-partitions-in-centos7/" target="_blank">TheMacWrangler</a>.</div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-28755638011769641362017-08-04T10:58:00.001+08:002017-08-04T10:58:44.662+08:00Install Pydio 8 Community on CentOS/RHEL Systems<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0.67em 0px; outline: medium none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;">CentOS/RHEL Systems</span></h1>
<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 40px 0px; outline: medium none; padding: 40px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;">INSTALL SOFTWARE COLLECTION, EPEL AND PYDIO REPOSITORIES</span></h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">EPEL</b></div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum install epel-release scl-utils
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">CentOS 7</b></div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum install centos-release-scl
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">or RHEL 7</b></div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum-config-manager --enable rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Remi's RPM</b></div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">rpm -Uvh https://www.softwarecollections.org/en/scls/remi/php56more/epel-7-x86_64/download/remi-php56more-epel-7-x86_64.noarch.rpm
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Pydio</b></div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">rpm -Uvh https://download.pydio.com/pub/linux/centos/7/pydio-release-1-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
</code></pre>
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-size: 2.83333em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 40px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 40px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
INSTALLATION</h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
At this point, your box contains all dependencies necessary to install Pydio. Hit the following commands to update.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum clean all
yum update
</code></pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-size: 2.33333em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Installing Pydio Core (first time)</h3>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Pydio can be installed by: <code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px 3px;">yum install pydio-core</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">pydio-core</i>: contains essential packages with basic functionalities.</div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
you can additionally install some plugins by using command: <code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px 3px;">yum install pydio-plugin-pluginName</code></div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Or <code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 0px 3px;">yum install pydio-all</code> to install all community packages of Pydio.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-size: 2.33333em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Upgrading from Pydio 6.4.2</h3>
<blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Warning: If you've installed Pydio before, please backup your sytem or take a snapshoot before upgrade.</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Update the whole system</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum update -y
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Upgrade pydio only</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">yum update pydio-core
</code></pre>
<h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-top: 5px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-size: 2.83333em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 40px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 40px 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
POST INSTALL/UPGRADE.</h2>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This step is required to reconfigure Pydio, apache and php. Because the system now contains multiple version of apache and php, we should do:</div>
<ol style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 17px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 10px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Disable default apache and php5.4</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 10px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Enable new apache and php5.6</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin: 10px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">Migrate configuration of php5.4, old apache to new version</li>
</ol>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Disable default apache:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">systemctl disable httpd
systemctl stop httpd
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Enable new apache:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">systemctl enable httpd24-httpd
systemctl start httpd24-httpd
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Enable php56</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">source /opt/rh/rh-php56/enable
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Enable httpd24-http</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">source /opt/rh/httpd24/enable
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now you can verify the PHP version by typing the command in terminal windows:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 5.6.5 (cli) (built: Aug 30 2016 13:52:26)
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
with the ionCube PHP Loader (enabled) + Intrusion Protection from ioncube24.com (unconfigured) v6.0.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2016, by ionCube Ltd.
with Zend OPcache v7.0.4-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies
</code></pre>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Software Collection use different location than default to deploy software base on its version. And new location for PHP56 is:</div>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Equivalent paths between default and software collection version</div>
<table style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 855px; word-spacing: 0px;"><thead style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: rgb(220, 224, 232); border: 4px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;">
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><th style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">FILE</th><th style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">DEFAULT VERSION</th><th align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">SOFTWARECOLLECTION VERSION</th></tr>
</thead><tbody style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 4px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">php.ini</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/etc/php.ini</td><td align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/etc/opt/rh/rh-php56/php.ini</td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">php cli</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/usr/bin/php</td><td align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/opt/rh/rh-php56/root/usr/bin/php</td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">php module configs</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/usr/lib64/php/modules</td><td align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/opt/rh/rh-php56/root/usr/lib64/php/modules</td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">apache module configs</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/</td><td align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/opt/rh/httpd24/root/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/</td></tr>
<tr style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;"><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">pydio.conf</td><td style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/etc/httpd/conf.d/pydio.conf/pydio.conf</td><td align="left" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 2px solid rgb(220, 224, 232); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 10px;">/opt/rh/httpd24/root/etc/httpd/conf.d/pydio.conf/pydio.conf</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
If you upgrade from Pydio 6.4.2, and php.ini was changed, you should change such parameters in new php.ini as well: /etc/opt/rh/rh-php56/php.ini</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-size: 2.33333em; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Update database</h3>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
All sql script is store in /usr/share/doc/pydio/sql, you can execute following command to <b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: FuturaT-Demi; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">upgrade</b> your exited DB</div>
<pre style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: monospace, serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><code style="-webkit-background-clip: padding-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: padding-box rgb(246, 247, 248); border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid rgb(210, 216, 221); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: Monaco-Regular !important; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.5px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; overflow-x: auto; padding: 20px;">mysql -u username -p databasename < /usr/share/doc/pydio/sql/pydio.mysql
</code></pre>
<blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; margin: 20px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px;">
Note: you can also get sql script in this <a href="https://github.com/pydio/pydio-core/blob/develop/dist/php/7.0.0.mysql" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #347db7; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;">link</a></div>
</blockquote>
<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #484b59; font-family: FuturaT-Book; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 20px 0px; orphans: 2; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="http://pydio.com/en/docs/v7-enterprise/quick-start" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #347db7; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;">Quick Start</a><br />
<br />
Source: <a href="https://pydio.com/en/docs/v8/centosrhel-systems" target="_blank">Pydio</a><br />
<br />
Related links:<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="https://pydio.com/forum/f/topic/public-links-not-working/" target="_blank">Public links not working</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://pydio.com/forum/f/topic/unable-to-generate-public-share-file/" target="_blank">Unable to generate public share > make sure to AD primary / SQL slave</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pydio.com/en/docs/v7-enterprise/enabling-quotas" target="_blank">Enabling quotas</a> </li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-26118714770859136692017-08-04T10:45:00.000+08:002017-08-04T10:45:01.699+08:0030 Things to Do After Minimal RHEL/CentOS 7 Installation<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CentOS</b> is a Industry Standard Linux Distribution which is a derivative of RedHat Enterprise Linux. You may start using the OS as soon as you install it, but to make the most out of your system you need to perform a few updates, install a few packages, configure certain services and application.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNfQ7-dSzITrFswzlNjumYB2vVS58NzFkDTxVfIHIOnDXvrgsUVcfJrZ9xMzb1UHNGgY3k2y3uv8DZK5EFMetbVo7a8nOnPUXevOGELuacLBxvXRYqwn24KaN_ySdY00XfrjgMNEBY6TNM/s1600/Things-to-do-After-CentOS-RHEL-7-Installation.jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="720" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNfQ7-dSzITrFswzlNjumYB2vVS58NzFkDTxVfIHIOnDXvrgsUVcfJrZ9xMzb1UHNGgY3k2y3uv8DZK5EFMetbVo7a8nOnPUXevOGELuacLBxvXRYqwn24KaN_ySdY00XfrjgMNEBY6TNM/s640/Things-to-do-After-CentOS-RHEL-7-Installation.jpg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This article aims at “<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">30 Things to Do After Installing RHEL/CentOS 7</b>”. The post is written keeping in mind you have installed RHEL/CentOS Minimal Install which is preferred in Enterprise and production environment, if not you can follow below guide that will show you minimal installations of both.</div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/centos-7-installation/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Installation of CentOS 7">Installation of CentOS 7 Minimal</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/redhat-enterprise-linux-7-installation/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Installation of RHEL 7">Installation of RHEL 7 Minimal</a></li>
</ol>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
The following are the list of important things, which we’ve covered in this guide based on industry standard requirements. We hoping that, these things will be very helpful in setting up your server.</div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C1" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Register and Enable Red Hat Subscription</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C2" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Configure Network with Static IP Address</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C3" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Set Hostname of Server</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C4" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Update or Upgrade CentOS Minimal Install</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C5" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Install Command Line Web Browser</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/#C6" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;">Install Apache HTTP Server</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/2#C7" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install PHP</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/2#C8" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install MariaDB Database</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">9.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/2#C9" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install and Configure SSH Server</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">10.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/2#10" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">11.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/2#C11" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Java</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">12.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/3#C12" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Apache Tomcat</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">13.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/3#C13" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Nmap to Monitor Open Ports</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">14.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/3#C14" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">FirewallD Configuration</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">15.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/3#C15" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Installing Wget</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">16.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/3#C16" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Installing Telnet</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">17.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C17" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Installing Webmin</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">18.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C18" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Enable Third Party Repositories</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">19.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C19" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install 7-zip Utility</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">20.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C20" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install NTFS-3G Driver</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">21.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C21" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Vsftpd FTP Server</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">22.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C22" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install and Configure sudo</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">23.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C23" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install and Enable SELinux</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">24.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/4#C24" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Rootkit Hunter</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">25.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/5#C25" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Linux Malware Detect (LMD)</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">26.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/5#C26" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Server Bandwidth Testing with Speedtest-cli</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">27.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/5#C27" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Configure Cron Jobs</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">28.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/5#C28" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install Owncloud</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">29.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/5#C29" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Enable Virtualization with Virtualbox</a></div>
<div id="exam_announcement" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 251, 255); border-color: rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(199, 241, 255) rgb(63, 146, 190); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 5px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0.8em 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 0.4em 0.5em; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">30.</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/6#C30" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Password Protect GRUB</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C1" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>1. Register and Enable Red Hat Subscription</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After minimal RHEL 7 installation, it’s time to register and enable your system to Red Hat Subscription repositories and perform a full system update. This is valid only if you have a valid RedHat Subscription. You need to register your in order to enable official RedHat System repositories and update the OS from time-to-time.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
We have already covered a detailed instructions on how to register and active RedHat subscription at the below guide.</div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/enable-redhat-subscription-reposiories-and-updates-for-rhel-7/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Register and Enable Red Hat Subscription Repositories in RHEL 7</a></li>
</ol>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note</b>: This step is only for RedHat Enterprise Linux having a valid subscription. If you are running a CentOS server immediately move to further steps.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C2" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>2. Configure Network with Static IP Address</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
The first thing you need to do is to configure Static IP address, Route and DNS to your CentOS Server. We will be using ip command the replacement of ifconfig command. However, ifconfig command is still available for most of the Linux distributions and can be installed from default repository.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install net-tools [Provides ifconfig utility]
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-ifconfig.jpeg" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install ifconfig in Linux" class="size-medium wp-image-12742" data-lazy-loaded="true" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-ifconfig.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
But as I said we will be using ip command to configure static IP address. So, make sure you first check the current IP address.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># ip addr show
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-IP-Address.jpeg" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check IP Address i n CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12743" data-lazy-loaded="true" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-IP-Address.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now open and edit file <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3</b> using your choice of editor. Here, I’m using Vi editor and make sure you must be root user to make changes…</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now we will be editing four fields in the file. Note the below four fields and leave everything else untouched. Also leave double quotes as it is and enter your data in between.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IPADDR</b> = “[Enter your static IP here]”
<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">GATEWAY</b> = “[Enter your Default Gateway]”
<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DNS1</b> = “[Your Domain Name System 1]”
<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">DNS2</b> = “[Your Domain Name System 2]”
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After making the changes ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ifcfg-enp0s3</b>‘, looks something like the image below. Notice your IP, GATEWAY and DNS will vary, please confirm it with your ISP. Save and Exit.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12746" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Network-Details.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Network Details" class="size-medium wp-image-12746" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Network-Details.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Network Details</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Restart service network and check the IP is correct or not, that was assigned. If everything is ok, <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ping</b> to see network status…</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># service network restart
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12747" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Restarat-Network.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Restart Network Service" class="size-medium wp-image-12747" data-lazy-src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Restarat-Network.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Restart Network Service</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After restarting network, make sure to check the IP address and network status…</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># ip addr show
# ping -c4 google.com
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12749" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-IP-Address.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Verify IP Address" class="size-medium wp-image-12749" data-lazy-src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-IP-Address.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Verify IP Address</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12748" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Network-Status.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Network Status" class="size-medium wp-image-12748" data-lazy-src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Network-Status.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Network Status</div>
</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C3" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>3. Set Hostname of Server</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
The next thing to do is to change the <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HOSTNAME</b> of the CentOS sever. Check the currently assigned <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HOSTNAME</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># echo $HOSTNAME
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12751" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-System-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check System Hostname" class="size-medium wp-image-12751" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-System-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check System Hostname</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To set new <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HOSTNAME</b> we need to edit ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/hostsname</b>‘ and replace old hostname with the desired one.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># vi /etc/hostname
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12752" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Set-System-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Set Hostname in CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12752" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Set-System-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Set System Hostname</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After setting hostname, make sure to confirm hostname by logout and login again. After login check new hostname.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">$ echo $HOSTNAME
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12753" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Confirm-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Confirm New Hostname" class="size-medium wp-image-12753" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Confirm-Hostname.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Confirm New Hostname</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Alternatively you may use command ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hostname</b>‘ command to view your current hotsname.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">$ hostname
</pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C4" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>4. Update or Upgrade CentOS Minimal Install</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This will not install any new packages other than updating and installing the latest version of installed packages and security updates. Moreover Update and Upgrade are pretty same except the fact that Upgrade = Update + enable obsoletes processing during updates.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum update && yum upgrade
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<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12755" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Update-CentOS-Server.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Update Minimal CentOS Server" class="size-medium wp-image-12755" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Update-CentOS-Server.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Update Minimal CentOS Server</div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Important</b>: You can also run the below command which will not prompt for the packages update and you do not need to type ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">y</b>‘ for accepting the changes.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
However it is always a good idea to review the changes which is going to take place on the sever specially in production. Hence using the below command may automate the update and upgrade for you but it is not recommended.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum -y update && yum -y upgrade
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<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C5" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>5. Install Command Line Web Browser</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
In most cases, specially in production environment, we usually install CentOS as command line with no GUI, in this situation we must have a commandline browsing tool to check websites via terminal. For this, we going to install a most famous tool called ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">links</b>‘.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install links
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<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12757" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Commandline-Browser.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Commandline Browser" class="size-medium wp-image-12757" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Commandline-Browser.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
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Links: Commandline Web Browsing</div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
For usage and examples to browse web sites u <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">links</b> tool, read our article <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/command-line-web-browsers/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Command Line Web Browsing in Linux">Command Line Web Browsing with Links Tool</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C6" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>6. Install Apache HTTP Server</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
No matter for what purpose you will be using the server, in most of the cases you need a HTTP server to run websites, multimedia, client side script and many other things.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install httpd
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<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12759" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Apache-on-CentOS.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Apache on CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12759" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Apache-on-CentOS.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Apache Server</div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
If you would like to change default port (80) of Apache HTTP Server to any other port. You need to edit the configuration file ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</b>‘ and search for the line that starts typically like:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">LISTEN 80
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Change port number ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">80</b>‘ to any other port (say <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3221</b>), save and exit.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12760" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Change-Apache-Port.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Change Apache Port on CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12760" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Change-Apache-Port.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Change Apache Port</div>
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<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add the port you just opened for Apache through firewall and then reload firewall.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Allow service <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http</b> through firewall (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Permanent</b>).</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-service=http
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Allow port <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3221</b> through firewall (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Permanent</b>).</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd -permanent -add-port=3221/tcp
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Reload firewall.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After making all above things, now it’s time to restart <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apache HTTP</b> server, so that the new port number is taken into effect.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl restart httpd.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now add the Apache service to system-wide to start automatically when system boots.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl start httpd.service
# systemctl enable httpd.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now verify the Apache HTTP Server by using links command line tool as shown in the below screen.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># links 127.0.0.1
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12761" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-Apache-Status.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Verify Apache Status" class="size-medium wp-image-12761" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-Apache-Status.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Verify Apache Status</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
7. Install PHP</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
PHP is a server-side scripting language for web based services. It is frequently used as general-purpose programming language as well. Install PHP on CentOS Minimal Server as.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install php
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After installing php, make sure to restart Apache service to render PHP in Web Browser.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl restart httpd.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Next, verify PHP by creating following php script in the Apache document root directory.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># echo -e "<?php\nphpinfo();\n?>" > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now view the PHP file, we just created (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">phpinfo.php</b>) in Linux Command Line as below.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># php /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
OR
# links http://127.0.0.1/phpinfo.php
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12763" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-PHP.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Verify PHP" class="size-medium wp-image-12763" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Verify-PHP.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px none; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Verify PHP</div>
</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C8" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>8. Install MariaDB Database</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MariaDB</b> is a fork of <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">MySQL</b>. RedHat Enterprise Linux and its derivatives have shifted to MariaDB from MySQL. It is the Primary Database management System. It is again one of those tools which is necessary to have and you will need it sooner or later no matter what kind of server you are setting. Install MariaDB on CentOS Minimal Install server as below.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install mariadb-server mariadb
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12764" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-MariaDB-Database.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install MariaDB Database" class="size-medium wp-image-12764" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-MariaDB-Database.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install MariaDB Database</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Start and configure MariaDB to start automatically at boot.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl start mariadb.service
# systemctl enable mariadb.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Allow service mysql (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">mariadb</b>) through firewall.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now it’s time to secure MariaDB server.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12765" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-MariaDB.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Secure MariaDB Database" class="size-medium wp-image-12765" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-MariaDB.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Secure MariaDB Database</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read Also:</b></div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/install-lamp-in-centos-7/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Installing LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP/PhpMyAdmin) in CentOS 7.0">Installing LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP/PhpMyAdmin) in CentOS 7.0</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/apache-virtual-hosting-in-centos/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Creating Apache Virtual Hosts in CentOS 7.0">Creating Apache Virtual Hosts in CentOS 7.0</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C9" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>9. Install and Configure SSH Server</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SSH</b> stands for Secure Shell which is the default protocol in Linux for remote management. SSH is one of those essential piece of software which comes default with CentOS Minimal Server.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check Currently Installed SSH version.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># SSH -V
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12767" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-SSH-Version.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check SSH Version" class="size-medium wp-image-12767" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-SSH-Version.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check SSH Version</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Use <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Secure Protocol</b> over the default SSH Protocol and change port number also for extra Security. Edit the SSH configuration file ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/ssh/ssh_config</b>‘.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Uncomment the line below line or delete 1 from the Protocol string, so the line seems like:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># Protocol 2,1 (Original)
Protocol 2 (Now)
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This change force SSH to use <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Protocol 2</b> which is considered to be more secure than <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Protocol 1</b> and also make sure to change the port number 22 to any in the configuration.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12768" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-SSH.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Secure SSH Login" class="size-medium wp-image-12768" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-SSH.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Secure SSH Login</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Disable SSH ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root login</b>‘ and allow to connect to root only after login to normal user account for added additional Security. For this, open and edit configuration file ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/ssh/sshd_config</b>‘ and change <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PermitRootLogin yes</b> t <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PermitRootLogin no</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># PermitRootLogin yes (Original)
PermitRootLogin no (Now)
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12769" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disable-SSH-Root-Login.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Disable SSH Root Login" class="size-medium wp-image-12769" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disable-SSH-Root-Login.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Disable SSH Root Login</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Finally, restart SSH service to reflect new changes..</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl restart sshd.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read Also:</b></div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/5-best-practices-to-secure-and-protect-ssh-server/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">5 Best Practices to Secure and Protect SSH Server</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/ssh-passwordless-login-using-ssh-keygen-in-5-easy-steps/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SSH Passwordless Login Using SSH Keygen in 5 Easy Steps</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/ssh-passwordless-login-with-putty/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">No Password SSH Keys Authentication” with PuTTY</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C10" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>10. Install GCC (GNU Compiler Collection)</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">GCC</b> stands for <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">GNU Compiler Collection</b> is a compiler system developed by GNU Project that support various programming languages. It is not installed by default in CentOS Minimal Install. To install gcc compiler run the below command.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install gcc
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12770" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-GCC-in-CentOS.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install GCC in CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12770" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-GCC-in-CentOS.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install GCC GNU Compiler</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check the version of installed <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gcc</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># gcc --version
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12771" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-GCC-Version.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check GCC Version" class="size-medium wp-image-12771" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-GCC-Version.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check GCC Version</div>
</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C11" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>11. Install Java</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Java is a general purpose class based, object-oriented Programming language. It is not installed by default in CentOS Minimal Server. Install Java from repository as below.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install java
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12772" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-java.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Java on CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12772" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-java.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Java</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check version of <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Java</b> Installed.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># java -version
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12773" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Java-Version.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Java Version" class="size-medium wp-image-12773" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Java-Version.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Java Version</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
12. Install Apache Tomcat</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tomcat</b> is a servlet container designed by Apache to run Java HTTP web server. Install tomcat as below but it is necessary to point out that you must have installed Java prior of installing tomcat.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install tomcat
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12775" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Apache-Tomcat.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Apache Tomcat" class="size-medium wp-image-12775" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Apache-Tomcat.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Apache Tomcat</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After tomcat has been installed, star the tomcat service.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl start tomcat
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check Version of tomcat.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># /usr/sbin/tomcat version
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12776" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-tomcat-version.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Tomcat Version" class="size-medium wp-image-12776" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-tomcat-version.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Tomcat Version</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add service tomcat and default port (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8080</b>) through firewall and reload settings.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<center style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 10px 0px 20px; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-2601749019656699" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="5590002574" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="background: rgb(255, 244, 134); border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"></ins></ins></ins></center>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now it’s time to secure tomcat server, create a user and a password to access and manage. We need to edit file ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml</b>‘. See the section which looks like:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><tomcat-users>
....
</tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="admin-script"/>
<user username="<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>" password="<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status,admin-gui,admin-script"/>
</tomcat-users>
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12777" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-Tomcat.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Secure Tomcat" class="size-medium wp-image-12777" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Secure-Tomcat.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Secure Tomcat</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Here we added user “<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>” to administer/manage tomcat using password “<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>”. Stop and start the service tomcat so that the changes are taken into effect and enable tomcat service to start at system boot.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl stop tomcat
# systemctl start tomcat
# systemctl enable tomcat.service
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read Also:</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/install-apache-tomcat-in-centos/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Installing and Configuring Apache Tomcat 8.0.9 in RHEL/CentOS 7.0/6.x</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C13" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>13. Install Nmap to Monitor Open Ports</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Nmap</b> for Network Mapper creates a map of the network by discovering host on which it is running as well as by analyzing network. nmap is not included in the default installation and you have to install it from repository.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install nmap
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12778" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Nmap.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Nmap Monitoring Tool" class="size-medium wp-image-12778" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Nmap.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Nmap Monitoring Tool</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
List all open ports and corresponding services using them on host.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># nmap 127.0.01
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12779" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Monitor-Open-Ports.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Monitor Open Ports" class="size-medium wp-image-12779" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Monitor-Open-Ports.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Monitor Open Ports</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
You may also use <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">firewall-cmd</b> to list all the ports, however I find nmap more useful.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --list-ports
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12780" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Open-Ports-in-Firewall.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Open Ports in Firewall" class="size-medium wp-image-12780" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Open-Ports-in-Firewall.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Open Ports in Firewall</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Read Also:</b> <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/nmap-command-examples/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Nmap Commands ">29 Useful Nmap Command to Monitor Open Ports</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C14" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>14. FirewallD Configuration</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">firewalld</b> is a firewall service which manages the server dynamically. Firewalld removed iptables in CentOS 7. Firewalld is installed by default on RedHat Enterprise Linux and its derivatives by default. With iptables every change in order to be taken into effect needs to flush all the old rules and create new rules.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
However with <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">firewalld</b>, no flushing and recreating of new rules required and only changes are applied on the fly.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check if Firewalld is running or not.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl status firewalld
OR
# firewall-cmd --state
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12782" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Firewalld-Status.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Firewalld Status" class="size-medium wp-image-12782" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Firewalld-Status.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Firewalld Status</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Get a list of all the zones.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --get-zones
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12783" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Firewalld-Zones.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Firewalld Zones" class="size-medium wp-image-12783" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Firewalld-Zones.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Firewalld Zones</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To get details on a zone before switching.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --zone=work --list-all
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12784" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Zone-Details.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check Zone Details" class="size-medium wp-image-12784" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-Zone-Details.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check Zone Details</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To get default zone.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12785" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Firewalld-Default-Zone.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Firewalld Default Zone" class="size-medium wp-image-12785" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Firewalld-Default-Zone.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Firewalld Default Zone</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To switch to a different zone say ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">work</b>‘.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=work
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12786" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Swich-Zones.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Swich Firewalld Zones" class="size-medium wp-image-12786" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Swich-Zones.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Swich Firewalld Zones</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To list all the services in the zone.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --list-services
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12787" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/List-Firewalld-Service.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="List Firewalld Zone Services" class="size-medium wp-image-12787" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/List-Firewalld-Service.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
List Firewalld Zone Services</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To add a service say <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http</b>, temporarily and reload firewalld.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-service=http
# firewall-cmd –reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12788" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Add-http-Service-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Add http Service Temporarily" class="size-medium wp-image-12788" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Add-http-Service-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Add http Service Temporarily</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To add a service say http, permanently and reload firewalld.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12789" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Add-http-Service-Permanent.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Add http Service Permanent" class="size-medium wp-image-12789" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Add-http-Service-Permanent.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Add http Service Permanent</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To remove a service say http, temporarily.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --remove-service=http
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12790" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Firewalld-Service.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Remove Firewalld Service Temporarily" class="size-medium wp-image-12790" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Firewalld-Service.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove Firewalld Service Temporarily</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To remove a service say http, permanently.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --zone=work --remove-service=http --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12791" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Service-Parmanently.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Remove Service Permanently" class="size-medium wp-image-12791" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Service-Parmanently.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove Service Permanently</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To allow a port (say 331), temporarily.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-port=331/tcp
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12793" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Open-Port-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Open Firewalld Port Temporarily" class="size-medium wp-image-12793" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Open-Port-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Open Port Temporarily</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To allow a port (say 331), permanently.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-port=331/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12792" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Open-Port-Permanent.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Open Port in Firewalld Permanent" class="size-medium wp-image-12792" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Open-Port-Permanent.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Open Port Permanently</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To block/remove a port (say 331), temporarily.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --remove-port=331/tcp
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12795" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Port-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Remove Port Temporarily in Firewalld" class="size-medium wp-image-12795" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Port-Temporarily.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove Port Temporarily</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To block/remove a port (say 331), permanently.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --remove-port=331/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12794" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Port-Permanently.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Remove Port Permanently in Firewalld" class="size-medium wp-image-12794" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Remove-Port-Permanently.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Remove Port Permanently</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To disable firewalld.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# firewall-cmd --state
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12796" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disable-Firewalld.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Disable Firewalld in CentOS 7" class="size-medium wp-image-12796" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Disable-Firewalld.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Disable Firewalld Service</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To enable firewalld.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl enable firewalld
# systemctl start firewalld
# firewall-cmd --state
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12797" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Enable-Firewalld.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Enable Firewalld in CentOS 7" class="size-medium wp-image-12797" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Enable-Firewalld.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Enable Firewalld</div>
</div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/configure-firewalld-in-centos-7/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">How to Configure ‘FirewallD’ in RHEL/CentOS 7</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/firewalld-rules-for-centos-7/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Useful ‘FirewallD’ Rules to Configure and Manage Firewall</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C15" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>15. Installing Wget</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">wget</b> is a Linux command line based utility that retrieves (downloads) content from web servers. It is an important tool you must have to retrieve web contents or download any files using wget command.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install wget
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12798" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Wget.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Wget Tool" class="size-medium wp-image-12798" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Wget.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Wget Tool</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
For more usage and practical examples on how to use wget command to download files on the terminal, read <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Linux wget usage">10 Wget Command Examples</a>.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C16" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>16. Installing Telnet</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Telnet is a network protocol that enables a user to login into another computer on the same network over TCP/IP. Once connection etablished to the remote computer it becomes a virtual terminal and allow you to communicate with the remote host within your computer as per whatever privileges provided to you.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Telnet also very useful for checking listening ports on remote computer or host.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install telnet
# telnet google.com 80
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12799" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/telnet-testing.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Telnet Port Checking" class="size-medium wp-image-12799" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/telnet-testing.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
17. Installing Webmin</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Webmin is a Web based configuration tool for Linux. It acts as a central system to configure various system configuration like users, disk quota, services and configurations of HTTP server, Apache, MySQL, etc.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin-1.740-1.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh webmin-*.rpm
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12801" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Webmin.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Webmin on CentOS 7" class="size-medium wp-image-12801" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Webmin.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Webmin</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After webmin installation, you will get a message on terminal to login to your host (http://ip-address:10000) using your root password on port number 10000. If running a headless server you can forward the port and access it on a machine/server that is headed.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C18" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>18. Enable Third Party Repositories</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
It is not a good idea to add untrusted repositories specially in production and it may be fatal. However just for example here we will be adding a few community approved trusted repositories to install third party tools and packages.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add Extra Package for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) Repository.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install epel-release
</pre>
<center style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 10px 0px 20px; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-2601749019656699" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="5590002574" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="background: rgb(255, 244, 134); border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"></ins></ins></ins></center>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add Community Enterprise Linux Repository.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12802" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-epel-repo.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Epel Repo" class="size-medium wp-image-12802" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/install-epel-repo.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Epel Repo</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Attention!</b> Extra care is needs to be taken while adding Third Party Repository.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C19" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>19. Install 7-zip Utility</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
In the CentOS Minimal Install you don’t get utility like <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">unzip</b> or <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">unrar</b>. We have the option to install each utility as required or an utility that servers for all. <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7-zip</b> is such an utility which compress and extract files of all known types.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install p7zip
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12803" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-7zip-tool.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install 7zip Tool" class="size-medium wp-image-12803" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-7zip-tool.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install 7zip Tool</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Notice</b>: The package is downloaded and installed from Fedora EPEL 7 Repository.</div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C20" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>20. Install NTFS-3G Driver</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
A small yet very useful <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NTFS</b> driver called <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NTFS-3G</b> is available for most of the UNIX-like distribution. It is useful to mount and access Windows NTFS file system. Though other alternatives like <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tuxera NTFS</b> is available, <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">NTFS-3G</b> is most widely used.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install ntfs-3g
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12804" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-NTFS-3G.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install NTFS-3G in CentOS" class="size-medium wp-image-12804" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-NTFS-3G.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install NTFS-3G to Mount Windows Partition</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After installing ntfs-3g has been installed, you can mount Windows NTFS partitions (where <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/dev/sda5</b> is my windows drive) using following command.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># mount -ro ntfs-3g /dev/sda5 /mnt
# cd /mnt
# ls -l
</pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C21" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>21. Install Vsftpd FTP Server</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">VSFTPD</b> which stands for <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Very Secure File Transfer Protocol Daemon</b> is a FTP server for UNIX-like System. It is one of the most efficient and secure FTP Server available today.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install vsftpd
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12805" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-FTP.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Vsftpd in CentOS 7" class="size-medium wp-image-12805" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-FTP.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Vsftpd FTP</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Edit the configuration file located at ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf</b>‘ to secure vsftpd.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Edit a few fields and leave other as it is, unless you know what you are doing.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
You may also change the port number and open vsftpd port through the firewall.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># firewall-cmd --add-port=21/tcp
# firewall-cmd --reload
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Next restart vsftpd and enable to start at boot time.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># systemctl restart vsftpd
# systemctl enable vsftpd
</pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C22" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>22. Install and Configure sudo</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo</b> which is commonly called as super do as well as suitable user do is a program for UNIX-like operating system to execute a program with the security privileged of another user. Let’s see how to configure sudo…</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># visudo
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
It will open the file <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/sudoers</b> for editing..</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12806" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sudoers-File.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="sudoers File" class="size-medium wp-image-12806" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sudoers-File.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
sudoers File</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Give all the permission (equal to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root</b>) to a user (say <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>), that has already been created.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">tecmint ALL=(ALL) ALL
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Give all the permission (equal to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">root</b>) to a user (say <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>), except the permission to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">reboot</b> and <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">shutdown</b>the server.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Again open the same file and edit it with the below contents.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">cmnd_Alias nopermit = /sbin/shutdown, /sbin/reboot
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Then add alias with Logical <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(!)</b> operator.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">tecmint ALL=(ALL) ALL,!nopermit
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Give permission to a group (say <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">debian</b>) to run a few root privilege command say (add user and delete user) .</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">cmnd_Alias permit = /usr/sbin/useradd, /usr/sbin/userdel
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
And then add the permission to group debian.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">debian ALL=(ALL) permit
</pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C23" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>23. Install and Enable SELinux</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SELinux</b> which stands for <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Security-Enhanced</b> Linux is a security module at kernel level.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install selinux-policy
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12807" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-SElinux.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install SElinux in CentOS 7" class="size-medium wp-image-12807" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-SElinux.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install SElinux Policy</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Check SELinux Mode.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># getenforce
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12808" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-SELinux-Mode.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Check SELinux Mode" class="size-medium wp-image-12808" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Check-SELinux-Mode.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Check SELinux Mode</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
The output is enforcing mode which means SELinux policy is in effect.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
For debugging, set selinux mode to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">permissive</b> temporarily. No need to reboot.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># setenforce 0
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After debugging set selinux to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">enforcing</b> again without rebooting.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># setenforce 1
</pre>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C24" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>24. Install Rootkit Hunter</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rootkit Hunter</b> abbreviated as Rkhunter is an application that scan rootkits and other potentially harmful exploits in Linux systems.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install rkhunter
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12809" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Rootkit-Hunter.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Rootkit Hunter" class="size-medium wp-image-12809" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Rootkit-Hunter.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Rootkit Hunter</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Run <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">rkhunter</b> as a scheduled job, from a script file or manually to scan harmful exploits in Linux.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># rkhunter --check
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12810" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Scan-for-rootkits.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Scan for rootkits" class="size-medium wp-image-12810" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Scan-for-rootkits.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Scan for rootkits</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12811" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RootKit-Results.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="RootKit Scan Results" class="size-medium wp-image-12811" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/RootKit-Results.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
RootKit Scan Results</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
25. Install Linux Malware Detect (LMD)</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linux Malware Detect</b> (<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">LMD</b>) is a open source Linux malware scanner released under the GNU GPLv2 license, that is<br />
specially designed for threats faced in hosting environments. For complete installation, configuration and usage of LMD can be found at:</div>
<ol style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px 30px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.tecmint.com/install-linux-malware-detect-lmd-in-rhel-centos-and-fedora/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Install and Use (LMD) with ClamAV as Antivirus Engine</a></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C26" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>26. Server Bandwidth Testing with Speedtest-cli</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">speedtest-cli</b> is a tool written in python to test internet bandwidth including download and upload speed. For complete installation and usage of speedtest-cli tool, read our article at <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/check-internet-speed-from-command-line-in-linux/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Test Your Linux Internet Speed ">Check Linux Server Bandwidth Speed from Command Line</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C27" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>27. Configure Cron Jobs</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
This is one of the most widely used software utility. It function as job scheduler i.e., schedule a job now that will execute in future itself. It is useful in logging and maintaining records unattained as well as several other routine work like regular backup. All the schedule is written in <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/crontab</b> file.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
The crontab file contains 6 fields as follows:</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Minutes Hour Day of Month Month of Year Week Day Command
(0-59) (0-23) (1-31) (1/jan-12/dec) (0-6/sun-sat) Command/script
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12812" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crontab-Fields.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Crontab Fields" class="size-medium wp-image-12812" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Crontab-Fields.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Crontab Fields</div>
</div>
<center style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 10px 0px 20px; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-2601749019656699" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="5590002574" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="background: rgb(255, 244, 134); border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"></ins></ins></ins></center>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
To run a cron job (say run <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/home/$USER/script.sh</b>) everyday at <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">04:30 am</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">Minutes Hour Day of Month month of year Week Day command
30 4 * * * speedtest-cli
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Add the following entry to the crontab file ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/crontab/</b>‘.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">30 4 * * * /home/$user/script.sh
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After adding the above line to crontab, it will run automatically at <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">04:30</b> am everyday and the output depends upon what is there in script file. Moreover script can be replaced by commands. For more examples of cron jobs, read <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/11-cron-scheduling-task-examples-in-linux/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Cron Scheduling Task Examples in Linux">11 Cron Jobs Examples in Linux</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C28" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>28. Install Owncloud</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Owncloud</b> is a HTTP based data synchronization, file sharing and remote file storage application. For more detail on installing own cloud, you may like to see this article : <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/install-owncloud-to-create-personal-storage-in-linux/" style="border: 0px; color: #bb0e30; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: underline; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="Install OwnCloud to Create Personel Stroage">Create Personal/Private Cloud Storage in Linux</a></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="C29" style="border: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"></a>29. Enable Virtualization with Virtualbox</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Virtualization is a process of creating virtual OS, Hardware and Network, is one of the most sought technology of these days. We will be discussing on how to install and configure virtualization in detail.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Our CentOS Minimal server is a headless server. Lets prepare it to host virtual machines that is accessible over HTTP by installing following packages.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum groupinstall 'Development Tools' SDL kernel-devel kernel-headers dkms
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12813" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Development-Tool.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Development Tools" class="size-medium wp-image-12813" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Development-Tool.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Development Tools</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Change working directory to ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/yum.repos.d/</b>‘ and download <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Virtualbox</b> repository.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Install the key just downloaded.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># rpm --import oracle_vbox.asc
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Update and Install Virtualbox.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum update && yum install virtualbox-4.3
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Next, download and install Virtualbox extension pack.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.3.12/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.3.12-93733.vbox-extpack
# VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.3.12-93733.vbox-extpack
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12814" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Virtualbox-Extension-Pack.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Install Virtualbox Extension Pack" class="size-medium wp-image-12814" data-lazy-src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Install-Virtualbox-Extension-Pack.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Install Virtualbox Extension Pack</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12815" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Installing-Virtualbox-Extension-Pack.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Installing Virtualbox Extension Pack" class="size-medium wp-image-12815" data-lazy-src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Installing-Virtualbox-Extension-Pack.jpeg" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/plugins/lazy-load/images/1x1.trans.gif" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Installing Virtualbox Extension Pack</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Create a user ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vbox</b>‘ to manage <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">virtualbox</b> and add it to group <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">vboxusers</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># adduser vbox
# passwd vobx
# usermod -G vboxusers vbox
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Install HTTPD server.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install httpd
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Install <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PHP</b> (with soap extension).</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># yum install php php-devel php-common php-soap php-gd
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Download PHP virtualBox.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpvirtualbox/files/phpvirtualbox-4.3-1.zip
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Extract the <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">zip</b> and copy the extracted folder to HTTP working directory.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># unzip phpvirtualbox-4.*.zip
# cp phpvirtualbox-4.3-1 -R /var/www/html
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Next, rename file <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php-example</b> to <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php</b>.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># mv config.php.example config.php
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Open the configuration file to edit and add ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">username</b>‘ and ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">password</b>‘ we just created in the above step.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># vi config.php
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Finally, restart VirtualBox and HTTP server.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># service vbox-service restart
# service httpd restart
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now forward the port and access it on a headed server.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">http://192.168.0.15/phpvirtualbox-4.3-1/
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12816" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PHP-Virtualbox-Login.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="PHP Virtualbox Login" class="size-medium wp-image-12816" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="283" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PHP-Virtualbox-Login.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
PHP Virtualbox Login</div>
</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12819" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PHP-Virtualbox.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="PHP Virtualbox Dashboard" class="size-medium wp-image-12819" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="349" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/PHP-Virtualbox.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
PHP Virtualbox Dashboard</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #336699; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 1.3em; margin: 0px 0px 14px; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">
30. Password Protect GRUB</h3>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Password protect your boot loader so that you get an additional level of security right at the booting time. Also you get a protection layer of protection at physical level. Protect your Server by locking GRUB at boot to avoid any unauthorized access.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
First make backup of two files, so that if anything goes bad, you have the option to revert back. Create a backup of ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub2/grub.cfg</b>‘ as ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub2/grub.cfg.old</b>‘.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># cp /boot/grub2/grub.cfg /boot/grub2/grub.cfg.old
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Also, Create a backup of ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub.d/10_linux</b>‘ as ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub.d/10_linux.old</b>‘.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># cp /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/10_linux.old
</pre>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now open ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub.d/10_linux</b>‘ and add the below line at the end of the file.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">cat <<EOF
set superusers=”<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>”
Password tecmint <b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">avi@123</b>
EOF
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12862" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Password-Protect-Grub.png" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Password Protect Grub" class="size-medium wp-image-12862" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Password-Protect-Grub.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Password Protect Grub</div>
</div>
<center style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; orphans: 2; padding: 10px 0px 20px; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-2601749019656699" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="5590002574" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="background: rgb(255, 244, 134); border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><ins id="aswift_3_expand" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"><ins id="aswift_3_anchor" style="background: transparent; border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: 90px; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible; width: 780px;"></ins></ins></ins></center>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Notice in the above file, replace “<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">tecmint</b>” as username and “<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">avi@123</b>” as password with your username and password.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now generate the new <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">grub.cfg</b> file by issuing following command.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># grub2-mkconfig --output=/boot/grub2/grub.cfg
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12863" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Generate-Grub-File.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Generate Grub File" class="size-medium wp-image-12863" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Generate-Grub-File.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Generate Grub File</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After creating new <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">grub.cfg</b> file, <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">reboot</b> the machine and press ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">e</b>‘ to edit. You will find that it requires you to enter ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">valid credentials</b>‘ in order to edit boot menu.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12864" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Edit-Boot-Menu.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Password Protected Boot Menu" class="size-medium wp-image-12864" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Edit-Boot-Menu.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Password Protected Boot Menu</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
After entering login credentials, you will able to edit grub boot menu.</div>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12865" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Grub-Menu-Edit.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Grub Menu File" class="size-medium wp-image-12865" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="344" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Grub-Menu-Edit.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Grub Menu File</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Also you can generate encrypted password in place of plain password as shown in the above step. First generate an encrypted password as suggested below.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"># grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
[<b style="border: 0px; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Enter Normal password twice</b>]
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12867" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Generate-Encrypted-Grub-Password.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Generate Encrypted Grub Password" class="size-medium wp-image-12867" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="355" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Generate-Encrypted-Grub-Password-620x355.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Generate Encrypted Grub Password</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Now open ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/grub.d/10_linux</b>‘ file and add the below line at the end of the file.</div>
<pre style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #051e30; border-color: rgb(40, 159, 244); border-image: initial; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; color: white; font-family: "Courier 10 Pitch", Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19px; margin: 30px 0px; orphans: 2; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; padding: 10px 10px 10px 18px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;">cat <<EOF
set superusers=”tecmint”
Password_pbkdf2 tecmint
grub.pbkdf2.sha512**************************************************
EOF
</pre>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_12868" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: rgb(241, 241, 241); border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto 14px; max-width: 100%; orphans: 2; padding: 5px 0px 0px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; width: 630px; word-spacing: 0px;">
<a href="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Encrypted-Grub-Password.jpeg" style="border-bottom: none; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; color: #3b8dbd; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="Encrypted Grub Password" class="size-medium wp-image-12868" data-lazy-loaded="true" height="352" src="https://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Encrypted-Grub-Password-620x352.jpeg" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="620" /></a><br />
<div class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Encrypted Grub Password</div>
</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Replace the password with the one generated on your system. Don’t forget to cross check the password.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Also note you need to generate <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">grub.cfg</b> in this case as well, as described above. <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Reboot</b> and next time you press ‘<b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">e</b>‘ to edit, you will be prompted for username and password.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
We’ve tried to cover most of the necessary post-installation points of industry standard distributions <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RHEL 7</b> and <b style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 400; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CentOS 7</b>. If you find that we’ve missed certain points or you need to extend this post with a new post-install things, you may share with us, we will include your point in this article by extending it.</div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
Source: <a href="https://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-minimal-rhel-centos-7-installation/" target="_blank">Tecmint</a>. </div>
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #272727; font-family: "Roboto Condensed", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1em; orphans: 2; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">
<br /></div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-973038803373939712017-05-25T14:56:00.002+08:002017-05-25T14:56:41.713+08:00How To Install Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana (ELK Stack) on Ubuntu 16.04<div class="content-body tutorial-content" data-growable-markdown="">
<h3 id="introduction">
Introduction</h3>
In this tutorial, we will go over the installation of the
Elasticsearch ELK Stack on Ubuntu 16.04 (that is, Elasticsearch 2.3.x,
Logstash 2.3.x, and Kibana 4.5.x). We will also show you how to
configure it to gather and visualize the syslogs of your systems in a
centralized location, using Filebeat 1.2.x. Logstash is an open source
tool for collecting, parsing, and storing logs for future use. Kibana
is a web interface that can be used to search and view the logs that
Logstash has indexed. Both of these tools are based on Elasticsearch,
which is used for storing logs.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2ZErgvUnookyjsOppI0HZTX8BQJ2xv8I7UkNDyi956HbHBAh9-VRzxUEikLKZ3P3zx1TcD3pLaHKpmT73OgnbA_ktcyFTJ0EGCJk0hoM8I8xpoPGjdf7-QIcs1cIKhKk28fTxkc5SQJBA/s1600/elk---twitter.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2ZErgvUnookyjsOppI0HZTX8BQJ2xv8I7UkNDyi956HbHBAh9-VRzxUEikLKZ3P3zx1TcD3pLaHKpmT73OgnbA_ktcyFTJ0EGCJk0hoM8I8xpoPGjdf7-QIcs1cIKhKk28fTxkc5SQJBA/s640/elk---twitter.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Centralized logging can be very useful when attempting to identify
problems with your servers or applications, as it allows you to search
through all of your logs in a single place. It is also useful because
it allows you to identify issues that span multiple servers by
correlating their logs during a specific time frame.<br />
<br />
It is possible to use Logstash to gather logs of all types, but we will limit the scope of this tutorial to syslog gathering.<br />
<h2 id="our-goal">
Our Goal</h2>
The goal of the tutorial is to set up Logstash to gather syslogs of
multiple servers, and set up Kibana to visualize the gathered logs.<br />
<br />
Our ELK stack setup has four main components:<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Logstash</b>: The server component of Logstash that processes incoming logs</li>
<li><b>Elasticsearch</b>: Stores all of the logs</li>
<li><b>Kibana</b>: Web interface for searching and visualizing logs, which will be proxied through Nginx</li>
<li><b>Filebeat</b>: Installed on client servers that will send their logs to Logstash, Filebeat serves as a log shipping agent that utilizes the <i>lumberjack</i> networking protocol to communicate with Logstash</li>
</ul>
<div class="growable">
<img alt="ELK Infrastructure" src="https://assets.digitalocean.com/articles/elk/elk-infrastructure.png" /></div>
We will install the first three components on a single server, which we will refer to as our <b>ELK Server</b>.
Filebeat will be installed on all of the client servers that we want
to gather logs for, which we will refer to collectively as our <b>Client Servers</b>.<br />
<h2 id="prerequisites">
Prerequisites</h2>
To complete this tutorial, you will require <code>sudo</code> access on an Ubuntu 16.04 server. Instructions to set that up can be found here: <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/initial-server-setup-with-ubuntu-16-04">Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 16.04</a>.<br />
<br />
If you would prefer to use CentOS instead, check out this tutorial: <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-elasticsearch-logstash-and-kibana-elk-stack-on-centos-7">How To Install ELK on CentOS 7</a>.<br />
<br />
The amount of CPU, RAM, and storage that your ELK Server will require
depends on the volume of logs that you intend to gather. For this
tutorial, we will be using a VPS with the following specs for our ELK
Server:<br />
<ul>
<li>OS: Ubuntu 16.04</li>
<li>RAM: 4GB</li>
<li>CPU: 2</li>
</ul>
In addition to your ELK Server, you will want to have a few other servers that you will gather logs from.<br />
<br />
Let's get started on setting up our ELK Server!<br />
<h2 id="install-java-8">
Install Java 8</h2>
Elasticsearch and Logstash require Java, so we will install that now.
We will install a recent version of Oracle Java 8 because that is what
Elasticsearch recommends. It should, however, work fine with OpenJDK,
if you decide to go that route.<br />
Add the Oracle Java PPA to <code>apt</code>:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Update your <code>apt</code> package database:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get update
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Install the latest stable version of Oracle Java 8 with this command (and accept the license agreement that pops up):<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get -y install oracle-java8-installer
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Now that Java 8 is installed, let's install ElasticSearch.<br />
<h2 id="install-elasticsearch">
Install Elasticsearch</h2>
Elasticsearch can be installed with a package manager by adding Elastic's package source list.<br />
Run the following command to import the Elasticsearch public GPG key into apt:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">wget -qO - https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
If your prompt seems to hang, it is likely waiting for your user's password (to authorize the <code>sudo</code> command). If this is the case, enter your password.<br />
Create the Elasticsearch source list:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">echo "deb http://packages.elastic.co/elasticsearch/2.x/debian stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/elasticsearch-2.x.list
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Update the <code>apt</code> package database again:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get update
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Install Elasticsearch with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get -y install elasticsearch
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Elasticsearch is now installed. Let's edit the configuration:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
You will want to restrict outside access to your Elasticsearch
instance (port 9200), so outsiders can't read your data or shutdown your
Elasticsearch cluster through the HTTP API. Find the line that
specifies <code>network.host</code>, uncomment it, and replace its value with "localhost" so it looks like this:<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml excerpt (updated)">
/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml excerpt (updated)<br />
</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>network.host: <span class="highlight">localhost</span></code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code><span class="highlight"> </span>
</code></pre>
Save and exit <code>elasticsearch.yml</code>.<br />
<br />
Now, start Elasticsearch:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo systemctl restart elasticsearch
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Then, run the following command to start Elasticsearch on boot up:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo systemctl daemon-reload
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Now that Elasticsearch is up and running, let's install Kibana.<br />
<h2 id="install-kibana">
Install Kibana</h2>
Kibana can be installed with a package manager by adding Elastic's package source list.<br />
Add the Kibana to your source list:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">echo "deb http://packages.elastic.co/kibana/4.5/debian stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Update your <code>apt</code> package database:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get update
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Install Kibana with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get -y install kibana
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Kibana is now installed.<br />
Open the Kibana configuration file for editing:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
In the Kibana configuration file, find the line that specifies <code>server.host</code>, and replace the IP address ("0.0.0.0" by default) with "localhost":<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml excerpt (updated)">
/opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml excerpt (updated)<br />
</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>server.host: "<span class="highlight">localhost</span>"</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code> </code></pre>
Save and exit. This setting makes it so Kibana will only be
accessible to the localhost. This is fine because we will use an Nginx
reverse proxy to allow external access.<br />
Now enable the Kibana service, and start it:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo systemctl daemon-reload
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl enable kibana
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl start kibana
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Before we can use the Kibana web interface, we have to set up a reverse proxy. Let's do that now, with Nginx.<br />
<h2 id="install-nginx">
Install Nginx</h2>
Because we configured Kibana to listen on <code>localhost</code>, we must set up a reverse proxy to allow external access to it. We will use Nginx for this purpose.<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label notes-and-warnings note" title="Note">
Note<br />
</div>
<span class="note">
If you already have an Nginx instance that you want to use, feel free to
use that instead. Just make sure to configure Kibana so it is
reachable by your Nginx server (you probably want to change the <code>host</code> value, in <code>/opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml</code>, to your Kibana server's private IP address or hostname). Also, it is recommended that you enable SSL/TLS.</span>
Use <code>apt</code> to install Nginx:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get -y install nginx
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Use <code>openssl</code> to create an admin user, called "kibanaadmin" (you should use another name), that can access the Kibana web interface:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo -v
</li>
<li class="line">echo "<span class="highlight">kibanaadmin</span>:`openssl passwd -apr1`" | sudo tee -a /etc/nginx/htpasswd.users
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Enter a password at the prompt. Remember this login, as you will need it to access the Kibana web interface.<br />
<br />
Now open the Nginx default server block in your favorite editor:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Delete the file's contents, and paste the following code block into the file. Be sure to update the <code>server_name</code> to match your server's name or public IP address:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/nginx/sites-available/default">
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default</div>
<pre class="code-pre line_numbers"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">server {
</li>
<li class="line"> listen 80;
</li>
<li class="line">
</li>
<li class="line"> server_name <span class="highlight">example.com</span>;
</li>
<li class="line">
</li>
<li class="line"> auth_basic "Restricted Access";
</li>
<li class="line"> auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd.users;
</li>
<li class="line">
</li>
<li class="line"> location / {
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_pass http://localhost:5601;
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_http_version 1.1;
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade';
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_set_header Host $host;
</li>
<li class="line"> proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line">}
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Save and exit. This configures Nginx to direct your server's HTTP traffic to the Kibana application, which is listening on <code>localhost:5601</code>. Also, Nginx will use the <code>htpasswd.users</code> file, that we created earlier, and require basic authentication.<br />
<br />
Now, check the config for syntax errors and restart Nginx if none are found:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nginx -t
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl restart nginx
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
If you followed the initial server setup guide for 16.04, you have a
UFW firewall enabled. To allow connections to Nginx, we can adjust the
rules by typing:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Kibana is now accessible via your FQDN or the public IP address of your ELK Server i.e. <a href="http://elk%5c_server%5c_public%5c_ip/">http://elk\_server\_public\_ip/</a>.
If you go there in a web browser, after entering the "kibanaadmin"
credentials, you should see a Kibana welcome page which will ask you to
configure an index pattern.<br />
<br />
Let's get back to that later, after we
install all of the other components.<br />
<h2 id="install-logstash">
Install Logstash</h2>
The Logstash package is available from the same repository as
Elasticsearch, and we already installed that public key, so let's add
Logstash to our source list:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">echo "deb http://packages.elastic.co/logstash/2.3/debian stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Update your <code>apt</code> package database:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get update
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Install Logstash with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get install logstash
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Logstash is installed but it is not configured yet.<br />
<h2 id="generate-ssl-certificates">
Generate SSL Certificates</h2>
Since we are going to use Filebeat to ship logs from our Client
Servers to our ELK Server, we need to create an SSL certificate and key
pair. The certificate is used by Filebeat to verify the identity of ELK
Server. Create the directories that will store the certificate and
private key with the following commands:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/certs
</li>
<li class="line">sudo mkdir /etc/pki/tls/private
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Now you have two options for generating your SSL certificates. If
you have a DNS setup that will allow your client servers to resolve the
IP address of the ELK Server, use <b>Option 2</b>. Otherwise, <b>Option 1</b> will allow you to use IP addresses.<br />
<h3 id="option-1-ip-address">
Option 1: IP Address</h3>
If you don't have a DNS setup—that would allow your servers, that you
will gather logs from, to resolve the IP address of your ELK Server—you
will have to add your ELK Server's private IP address to the <code>subjectAltName</code> (SAN) field of the SSL certificate that we are about to generate. To do so, open the OpenSSL configuration file:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Find the <code>[ v3_ca ]</code> section in the file, and add this line under it (substituting in the ELK Server's <b>private IP address</b>):<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf excerpt (updated)">
/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf excerpt (updated)<br />
</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>subjectAltName = IP: <span class="highlight">ELK_server_private_IP</span></code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code><span class="highlight"> </span>
</code></pre>
Save and exit.<br />
<br />
Now generate the SSL certificate and private key in the appropriate locations (<code>/etc/pki/tls/...</code>), with the following commands:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">cd /etc/pki/tls
</li>
<li class="line">sudo openssl req -config /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
The <i>logstash-forwarder.crt</i> file will be copied to all of the
servers that will send logs to Logstash but we will do that a little
later. Let's complete our Logstash configuration. If you went with this
option, skip option 2 and move on to <b>Configure Logstash</b>.<br />
<h3 id="option-2-fqdn-dns">
Option 2: FQDN (DNS)</h3>
If you have a DNS setup with your private networking, you should
create an A record that contains the ELK Server's private IP
address—this domain name will be used in the next command, to generate
the SSL certificate. Alternatively, you can use a record that points to
the server's public IP address. Just be sure that your servers (the
ones that you will be gathering logs from) will be able to resolve the
domain name to your ELK Server.<br />
<br />
Now generate the SSL certificate and private key, in the appropriate locations (<code>/etc/pki/tls/...</code>), with the following (substitute in the FQDN of the ELK Server):<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">cd /etc/pki/tls
</li>
<li class="line">sudo openssl req -subj '/CN=<span class="highlight">ELK_server_fqdn</span>/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
The <i>logstash-forwarder.crt</i> file will be copied to all of the
servers that will send logs to Logstash but we will do that a little
later. Let's complete our Logstash configuration.<br />
<h2 id="configure-logstash">
Configure Logstash</h2>
Logstash configuration files are in the JSON-format, and reside in <code>/etc/logstash/conf.d</code>. The configuration consists of three sections: inputs, filters, and outputs.<br />
Let's create a configuration file called <code>02-beats-input.conf</code> and set up our "filebeat" input:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/logstash/conf.d/02-beats-input.conf
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Insert the following <b>input</b> configuration:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/logstash/conf.d/02-beats-input.conf">
/etc/logstash/conf.d/02-beats-input.conf</div>
<pre class="code-pre line_numbers"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">input {
</li>
<li class="line"> beats {
</li>
<li class="line"> port => 5044
</li>
<li class="line"> ssl => true
</li>
<li class="line"> ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
</li>
<li class="line"> ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line">}
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Save and quit. This specifies a <code>beats</code> input that will listen on TCP port <code>5044</code>, and it will use the SSL certificate and private key that we created earlier.<br />
If you followed the Ubuntu 16.04 initial server setup guide, you will
have a UFW firewall configured. To allow Logstash to receive
connections on port <code>5044</code>, we need to open that port:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo ufw allow 5044
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Now let's create a configuration file called <code>10-syslog-filter.conf</code>, where we will add a filter for syslog messages:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/logstash/conf.d/10-syslog-filter.conf
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Insert the following syslog <b>filter</b> configuration:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/logstash/conf.d/10-syslog-filter.conf">
/etc/logstash/conf.d/10-syslog-filter.conf</div>
<pre class="code-pre line_numbers"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">filter {
</li>
<li class="line"> if [type] == "syslog" {
</li>
<li class="line"> grok {
</li>
<li class="line"> match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
</li>
<li class="line"> add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
</li>
<li class="line"> add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line"> syslog_pri { }
</li>
<li class="line"> date {
</li>
<li class="line"> match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line">}
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Save and quit. This filter looks for logs that are labeled as "syslog" type (by Filebeat), and it will try to use <code>grok</code> to parse incoming syslog logs to make it structured and query-able.<br />
Lastly, we will create a configuration file called <code>30-elasticsearch-output.conf</code>:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/logstash/conf.d/30-elasticsearch-output.conf
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Insert the following <b>output</b> configuration:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/logstash/conf.d/30-elasticsearch-output.conf">
/etc/logstash/conf.d/30-elasticsearch-output.conf</div>
<pre class="code-pre line_numbers"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">output {
</li>
<li class="line"> elasticsearch {
</li>
<li class="line"> hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
</li>
<li class="line"> sniffing => true
</li>
<li class="line"> manage_template => false
</li>
<li class="line"> index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
</li>
<li class="line"> document_type => "%{[@metadata][type]}"
</li>
<li class="line"> }
</li>
<li class="line">}
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Save and exit. This output basically configures Logstash to store the beats data in Elasticsearch which is running at <code>localhost:9200</code>, in an index named after the beat used (filebeat, in our case).<br />
<br />
If you want to add filters for other applications that use the
Filebeat input, be sure to name the files so they sort between the input
and the output configuration (i.e. between 02- and 30-).<br />
Test your Logstash configuration with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo /opt/logstash/bin/logstash --configtest -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
After a few seconds, it should display <code>Configuration OK</code> if there are no syntax errors. Otherwise, try and read the error output to see what's wrong with your Logstash configuration.<br />
Restart Logstash, and enable it, to put our configuration changes into effect:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo systemctl restart logstash
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl enable logstash
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Logstash will be listening for<br />
<br />
Next, we'll load the sample Kibana dashboards.<br />
<h2 id="load-kibana-dashboards">
Load Kibana Dashboards</h2>
Elastic provides several sample Kibana dashboards and Beats index
patterns that can help you get started with Kibana. Although we won't
use the dashboards in this tutorial, we'll load them anyway so we can
use the Filebeat index pattern that it includes.<br />
Use <code>curl</code> to download the file to your home directory:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">cd ~
</li>
<li class="line">curl -L -O https://download.elastic.co/beats/dashboards/beats-dashboards-1.2.2.zip
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Install the <code>unzip</code> package with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get -y install unzip
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Next, extract the contents of the archive:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">unzip beats-dashboards-*.zip
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
And load the sample dashboards, visualizations and Beats index patterns into Elasticsearch with these commands:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">cd beats-dashboards-*
</li>
<li class="line">./load.sh
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
These are the index patterns that we just loaded:<br />
<ul>
<li>packetbeat-*</li>
<li>topbeat-*</li>
<li>filebeat-*</li>
<li>winlogbeat-*</li>
</ul>
When we start using Kibana, we will select the Filebeat index pattern as our default.<br />
<h2 id="load-filebeat-index-template-in-elasticsearch">
Load Filebeat Index Template in Elasticsearch</h2>
Because we are planning on using Filebeat to ship logs to
Elasticsearch, we should load a Filebeat index template. The index
template will configure Elasticsearch to analyze incoming Filebeat
fields in an intelligent way.<br />
<br />
First, download the Filebeat index template to your home directory:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">cd ~
</li>
<li class="line">curl -O https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/3429023e8438cc25b86c/raw/d8c479e2a1adcea8b1fe86570e42abab0f10f364/filebeat-index-template.json
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Then load the template with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/_template/filebeat?pretty' -d@filebeat-index-template.json
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
If the template loaded properly, you should see a message like this:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code><div class="secondary-code-label " title="Output:">
Output:</div>
{
"acknowledged" : true
}
</code></pre>
Now that our ELK Server is ready to receive Filebeat data, let's move onto setting up Filebeat on each client server.<br />
<h2 id="set-up-filebeat-add-client-servers">
Set Up Filebeat (Add Client Servers)</h2>
Do these steps for each Ubuntu or Debian server that you want to send
logs to Logstash on your ELK Server. For instructions on installing
Filebeat on Red Hat-based Linux distributions (e.g. RHEL, CentOS, etc.),
refer to the <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-elasticsearch-logstash-and-kibana-elk-stack-on-centos-7#set-up-filebeat-%28add-client-servers%29">Set Up Filebeat (Add Client Servers) section</a> of the CentOS variation of this tutorial.<br />
<h3 id="copy-ssl-certificate">
Copy SSL Certificate</h3>
On your <b>ELK Server</b>, copy the SSL certificate you created to your <b>Client Server</b> (substitute the client server's address, and your own login):<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">scp /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt <span class="highlight">user</span>@<span class="highlight">client_server_private_address</span>:/tmp
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
After providing your login credentials, ensure that the certificate
copy was successful. It is required for communication between the
client servers and the ELK Server.<br />
Now, on your <b>Client Server</b>, copy the ELK Server's SSL certificate into the appropriate location (<code>/etc/pki/tls/certs</code>):<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/certs
</li>
<li class="line">sudo cp /tmp/logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Now we will install the Topbeat package.<br />
<h3 id="install-filebeat-package">
Install Filebeat Package</h3>
On <b>Client Server</b>, create the Beats source list:<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">echo "deb https://packages.elastic.co/beats/apt stable main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/beats.list
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
It also uses the same GPG key as Elasticsearch, which can be installed with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">wget -qO - https://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch | sudo apt-key add -
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Then install the Filebeat package:<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo apt-get update
</li>
<li class="line">sudo apt-get install filebeat
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Filebeat is installed but it is not configured yet.<br />
<h3 id="configure-filebeat">
Configure Filebeat</h3>
Now we will configure Filebeat to connect to Logstash on our ELK
Server. This section will step you through modifying the example
configuration file that comes with Filebeat. When you complete the
steps, you should have a file that looks something like <a href="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/3429023e8438cc25b86c/raw/de660ffdd3decacdcaf88109e5683e1eef75c01f/filebeat.yml-ubuntu">this</a>.<br />
<br />
On the <b>Client Server</b>, create and edit Filebeat configuration file:<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo nano /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
<div class="code-label notes-and-warnings note" title="Note">
Note<br />
</div>
<span class="note">
Filebeat's configuration file is in YAML format, which means that
indentation is very important! Be sure to use the same number of spaces
that are indicated in these instructions.</span>
Near the top of the file, you will see the <code>prospectors</code> section, which is where you can define <b>prospectors</b> that specify which log files should be shipped and how they should be handled. Each prospector is indicated by the <code>-</code> character.<br />
<br />
We'll modify the existing prospector to send <code>syslog</code> and <code>auth.log</code> to Logstash. Under <code>paths</code>, comment out the <code>- /var/log/*.log</code> file. This will prevent Filebeat from sending every <code>.log</code> in that directory to Logstash. Then add new entries for <code>syslog</code> and <code>auth.log</code>. It should look something like this when you're done:<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 1 of 5">
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 1 of 5</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>...
paths:
<span class="highlight"> - /var/log/auth.log</span>
<span class="highlight"> - /var/log/syslog</span>
<span class="highlight">#</span> - /var/log/*.log
...</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code> </code></pre>
Then find the line that specifies <code>document_type:</code>, uncomment it and change its value to "syslog". It should look like this after the modification:<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 2 of 5">
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 2 of 5</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>...
document_type: <span class="highlight">syslog</span>
...</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code> </code></pre>
This specifies that the logs in this prospector are of type <b>syslog</b> (which is the type that our Logstash filter is looking for).<br />
<br />
If you want to send other files to your ELK server, or make any
changes to how Filebeat handles your logs, feel free to modify or add
prospector entries.<br />
<br />
Next, under the <code>output</code> section, find the line that says <code>elasticsearch:</code>, which indicates the Elasticsearch output section (which we are not going to use). <b>Delete or comment out the entire Elasticsearch output section</b> (up to the line that says <code>#logstash:</code>).<br />
<br />
Find the commented out Logstash output section, indicated by the line that says <code>#logstash:</code>, and uncomment it by deleting the preceding <code>#</code>. In this section, uncomment the <code>hosts: </code><br />
<br />
<code>["localhost:5044"]</code> line. Change <code>localhost</code> to the private IP address (or hostname, if you went with that option) of your ELK server:<br />
<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 3 of 5">
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 3 of 5<br />
</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code> ### Logstash as output
logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
hosts: ["<span class="highlight">ELK_server_private_IP</span>:5044"]
</code></pre>
<br />
This configures Filebeat to connect to Logstash on your ELK Server at port <code>5044</code> (the port that we specified a Logstash input for earlier).<br />
<br />
Directly under the <code>hosts</code> entry, and with the same indentation, add this line:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 4 of 5">
<br />
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 4 of 5</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code> ### Logstash as output
logstash:
# The Logstash hosts
hosts: ["<span class="highlight">ELK_server_private_IP</span>:5044"]
<span class="highlight">bulk_max_size: 1024</span>
</code></pre>
<br />
Next, find the <code>tls</code> section, and uncomment it. Then uncomment the line that specifies <code>certificate_authorities</code>, and change its value to <code>["/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"]</code>. It should look something like this:<br />
<div class="code-label " title="/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 5 of 5">
<br />
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml excerpt 5 of 5</div>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>...
<span class="highlight"> tls:</span>
# List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
<span class="highlight">certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"]</span>
</code></pre>
<br />
This configures Filebeat to use the SSL certificate that we created on the ELK Server.<br />
<br />
Save and quit.<br />
<br />
Now restart Filebeat to put our changes into place:<br />
<pre class="code-pre command"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">sudo systemctl restart filebeat
</li>
<li class="line">sudo systemctl enable filebeat
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
Again, if you're not sure if your Filebeat configuration is correct, compare it against this <a href="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/3429023e8438cc25b86c/raw/de660ffdd3decacdcaf88109e5683e1eef75c01f/filebeat.yml-ubuntu">example Filebeat configuration</a>.<br />
<br />
Now Filebeat is sending <code>syslog</code> and <code>auth.log</code> to Logstash on your ELK server! Repeat this section for all of the other servers that you wish to gather logs for.<br />
<h2 id="test-filebeat-installation">
Test Filebeat Installation</h2>
If your ELK stack is setup properly, Filebeat (on your client server)
should be shipping your logs to Logstash on your ELK server. Logstash
should be loading the Filebeat data into Elasticsearch using the indexes
we imported earlier.<br />
<br />
On your <b>ELK Server</b>, verify that Elasticsearch is indeed receiving the data by querying for the Filebeat index with this command:<br />
<pre class="code-pre custom_prefix"><code><ul class="prefixed">
<li class="line">curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/filebeat-*/_search?pretty'
</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
You should see a bunch of output that looks like this:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code><div class="secondary-code-label " title="Sample Output:">
Sample Output:</div>
...
{
"_index" : "filebeat-2016.01.29",
"_type" : "log",
"_id" : "AVKO98yuaHvsHQLa53HE",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source":{"message":"Feb 3 14:34:00 rails sshd[963]: Server listening on :: port 22.","@version":"1","@timestamp":"2016-01-29T19:59:09.145Z","beat":{"hostname":"topbeat-u-03","name":"topbeat-u-03"},"count":1,"fields":null,"input_type":"log","offset":70,"source":"/var/log/auth.log","type":"log","host":"topbeat-u-03"}
}
...
</code></pre>
If your output shows 0 total hits, Elasticsearch is not loading any
logs under the index you searched for, and you should review your setup
for errors. If you received the expected output, continue to the next
step.<br />
<h2 id="connect-to-kibana">
Connect to Kibana</h2>
When you are finished setting up Filebeat on all of the servers that
you want to gather logs for, let's look at Kibana, the web interface
that we installed earlier.<br />
<br />
In a web browser, go to the FQDN or public IP address of your ELK
Server. After entering the "kibanaadmin" credentials, you should see a
page prompting you to configure a default index pattern:<br />
<br />
<div class="growable">
<img alt="Create index" src="https://assets.digitalocean.com/articles/elk/1-filebeat-index.gif" /></div>
<br />
Go ahead and select <b>filebeat-*</b> from the Index Patterns menu (left side), then click the <b>Star (Set as default index)</b> button to set the Filebeat index as the default.<br />
<br />
Now click the <b>Discover</b> link in the top navigation
bar. By default, this will show you all of the log data over the last
15 minutes. You should see a histogram with log events, with log
messages below:<br />
<br />
<div class="growable">
<img alt="Discover page" src="https://assets.digitalocean.com/articles/elk/2-filebeat-discover.png" /></div>
<br />
Right now, there won't be much in there because you are only
gathering syslogs from your client servers. Here, you can search and
browse through your logs. You can also customize your dashboard.<br />
Try the following things:<br />
<ul>
<li>Search for "root" to see if anyone is trying to log into your servers as root</li>
<li>Search for a particular hostname (search for <code>host: "<span class="highlight">hostname</span>"</code>)</li>
<li>Change the time frame by selecting an area on the histogram or from the menu above</li>
<li>Click on messages below the histogram to see how the data is being filtered</li>
</ul>
Kibana has many other features, such as graphing and filtering, so feel free to poke around!<br />
<h2 id="conclusion">
Conclusion</h2>
Now that your syslogs are centralized via Elasticsearch and Logstash,
and you are able to visualize them with Kibana, you should be off to a
good start with centralizing all of your important logs. Remember that
you can send pretty much any type of log or indexed data to Logstash,
but the data becomes even more useful if it is parsed and structured
with grok.<br />
<br />
To improve your new ELK stack, you should look into gathering and filtering your other logs with Logstash, and <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-kibana-dashboards-and-visualizations">creating Kibana dashboards</a>. You may also want to <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-gather-infrastructure-metrics-with-topbeat-and-elk-on-ubuntu-14-04">gather system metrics by using Topbeat</a> with your ELK stack. All of these topics are covered in the other tutorials in this series.<br />
Good luck!<br />
<br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-elasticsearch-logstash-and-kibana-elk-stack-on-ubuntu-16-04" target="_blank">Digital Ocean</a>. <br />
<br /></div>
Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-41254378785950976612017-05-04T13:06:00.003+08:002017-05-04T13:06:52.099+08:00Installing A New Hard Drive in Ubuntu Linux<div id="title">
<h1>
<span id="pagelocation">Installing A New Hard Drive</span>
</h1>
</div>
<div id="cwt-nav3">
<hr class="clear" />
</div>
<span class="anchor" id="top"></span>
<span class="anchor" id="line-1"></span>
<span class="anchor" id="line-2"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-3"></span><br />
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Introduction">
Introduction</h1>
While it's
not every day that you need to add a new hard drive to your computer,
the task does not have to be complicated. Use this guide to help you
install a new hard drive with an existing Ubuntu system, and partition
it for use. Before beginning, you need to consider for what you will be
using the hard drive. <br />
<ul>
<li>Will the drive be used only with Ubuntu? <span class="anchor" id="line-6"></span></li>
<li>Will the drive need to be accessible from both Ubuntu and Windows? <span class="anchor" id="line-7"></span></li>
<li>How do you want to divide the free space? As a single partition, or as several? <span class="anchor" id="line-8"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-9"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKj8aJc0fSH9073TwQM0wX3PmioNL0vU920jdTE_a35dXk12vCTSqKPCy0lqHqhfMrsLrBSqj8Sjt57rv-0FDs7LzB465qKAlFzz2Ji5TK-xS7lAw_JO8pOT2jDEOKCUWxSbKhtUuPxaAf/s1600/gparted-ubuntu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKj8aJc0fSH9073TwQM0wX3PmioNL0vU920jdTE_a35dXk12vCTSqKPCy0lqHqhfMrsLrBSqj8Sjt57rv-0FDs7LzB465qKAlFzz2Ji5TK-xS7lAw_JO8pOT2jDEOKCUWxSbKhtUuPxaAf/s400/gparted-ubuntu.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a>This
guide goes over procedures for a single partition drive install only.
Multiple partition drive installations are not very hard, and you may
very well figure it out by using this guide; however, make sure you add
an entry in /etc/fstab for each partition, not just the drive.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="line867">
<b>A Note about File Systems:</b> <span class="anchor" id="line-12"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-13"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
Drives
that are going to be used only under Ubuntu should be formatted using
the ext3/ext4 file system (depending on which version of Ubuntu you use
and whether you need Linux backwards compatibility). For sharing
between Ubuntu and Windows, FAT32 is often the recommended file system,
although NTFS works quite well too. If you are new to file systems and
partitioning, please do some preliminary research on the two before you
attempt this procedure. <span class="anchor" id="line-14"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-15"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Determine_Drive_Information">
Determine Drive Information</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-16"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
We assume that the hard drive is physically installed and detected by the BIOS. <span class="anchor" id="line-17"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-18"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
To determine the path that your system has assigned to the new hard drive, open a terminal and run: <span class="anchor" id="line-19"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-20"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-21"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1"></span> </pre>
<pre>sudo lshw -C disk</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-22"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-23"></span><br />
<div class="line867">
<img alt="IconsPage/example.png" class="attachment" src="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=example.png" title="IconsPage/example.png" /> <span class="anchor" id="line-24"></span>This should produce output similar to this sample: <span class="anchor" id="line-25"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-26"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-27"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-28"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-29"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-30"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-31"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-32"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-33"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-34"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-35"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-36"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-37"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-1"></span> *-disk
<span class="anchor" id="line-2"></span> description: ATA Disk
<span class="anchor" id="line-3"></span> product: IC25N040ATCS04-0
<span class="anchor" id="line-4"></span> vendor: Hitachi
<span class="anchor" id="line-5"></span> physical id: 0
<span class="anchor" id="line-6"></span> bus info: ide@0.0
<span class="anchor" id="line-7"></span> logical name: /dev/sdb
<span class="anchor" id="line-8"></span> version: CA4OA71A
<span class="anchor" id="line-9"></span> serial: CSH405DCLSHK6B
<span class="anchor" id="line-10"></span> size: 37GB
<span class="anchor" id="line-11"></span> capacity: 37GB</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-38"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-39"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
Be sure to note the "logical name" entry, as it will be used several times throughout this guide. <span class="anchor" id="line-40"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-41"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Partition_The_Disk">
Partition The Disk</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-42"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
If you have
already formatted the drive and it contains data, skip this step and
move on to "Mount Point." If the drive is still blank and unformatted,
then you have two options: formatting the drive using the command line,
or installing GParted for a graphical approach. Decide whether you
want the drive to contain one single partition, or if you want to divide
the space up between two or more partitions. <span class="anchor" id="line-43"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-44"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h2 id="Partitioning_Using_GParted">
Partitioning Using GParted</h2>
<span class="anchor" id="line-45"></span><br />
<div class="line862">
If System
> Administration > GNOME Partition Editor (or 'Partition Editor')
is not available, install "GParted" using "sudo apt-get install gparted"
from the command line, "Add/Remove Software" (or "Add/Remove...") from
the Applications menu, or "Synaptic Package Manager" from the System
> Administration menu. Open GParted and let's get started. <span class="anchor" id="line-46"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-47"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
<span class="anchor" id="line-48"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-49"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-2"></span> </pre>
<pre>gksudo gparted</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-50"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-51"></span><br />
<div class="line867">
<img alt="IconsPage/note.png" class="attachment" src="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=note.png" title="IconsPage/note.png" /> Always use <tt class="backtick">gksu</tt> or <tt class="backtick">gksudo</tt> for graphical applications like <b><tt class="backtick">gparted</tt></b> and <tt class="backtick">sudo</tt> for command line applications, like <b><tt class="backtick">apt-get</tt></b>. </div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
In
the top-right corner of the window, choose your new hard drive from the
drop-down list, referring back to the "logical name" from earlier. The
window should refresh and show you a representation of the new drive.
Assuming that the drive has yet to have been used, a white bar will run
across the window. Use these steps to partition the drive with a single
partition... <span class="anchor" id="line-54"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-55"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
1) Right-click on the white bar and choose "New." <span class="anchor" id="line-56"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-57"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
2) For "New Size" the number should be the maximum allowable, to fill the entire disk. <span class="anchor" id="line-58"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-59"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
3) Choose "Primary Partition" <span class="anchor" id="line-60"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-61"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
4)
Now decide on a filesystem. Use "ext3" if the drive will only be used
with Ubuntu. For file-sharing between Ubuntu and Windows, you should
use "fat32." If you are unsure, search around the wiki and forums for
advice. <span class="anchor" id="line-62"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-63"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
5)
Now click Add to compute the partition. The graphical display should
update to show a new partition covering the entire disk. <span class="anchor" id="line-64"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-65"></span></div>
<div class="line862">
6) To finish, click "Apply," or Edit > Apply. The disk will then be partitioned and formatted. You may now close GParted. <span class="anchor" id="line-66"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-67"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h2 id="Command_Line_Partitioning">
Command Line Partitioning</h2>
<span class="anchor" id="line-68"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
You'll be
using "fdisk" to accomplish this. Refer back to the logical name you
noted from earlier. For illustration, I'll use /dev/sdb, and assume
that you want a single partition on the disk, occupying all the free
space. <span class="anchor" id="line-69"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-70"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
If
the number of cylinders in the disk is larger than 1024 (and large hard
drives always have more), it could, in certain setups, cause problems
with: <span class="anchor" id="line-71"></span></div>
<ol type="1">
<li>software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) <span class="anchor" id="line-72"></span></li>
<li>booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) <span class="anchor" id="line-73"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="line874">
Otherwise, this will not negatively affect you. <span class="anchor" id="line-74"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-75"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
1) Initiate fdisk with the following command: <span class="anchor" id="line-76"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-77"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-78"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-3"></span> sudo fdisk /dev/sdb </pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-79"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-80"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
2) Fdisk will display the following menu: <span class="anchor" id="line-81"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-82"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-83"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-84"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-85"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-86"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-87"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-88"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-89"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-90"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-91"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-92"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-93"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-94"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-95"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-96"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-97"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-98"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-99"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-100"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-101"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-102"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-4"></span> Command (m for help): m <enter>
<span class="anchor" id="line-2-1"></span> Command action
<span class="anchor" id="line-3-1"></span> a toggle a bootable flag
<span class="anchor" id="line-4-1"></span> b edit bsd disklabel
<span class="anchor" id="line-5-1"></span> c toggle the dos compatibility flag
<span class="anchor" id="line-6-1"></span> d delete a partition
<span class="anchor" id="line-7-1"></span> l list known partition types
<span class="anchor" id="line-8-1"></span> m print this menu
<span class="anchor" id="line-9-1"></span> n add a new partition
<span class="anchor" id="line-10-1"></span> o create a new empty DOS partition table
<span class="anchor" id="line-11-1"></span> p print the partition table
<span class="anchor" id="line-12"></span> q quit without saving changes
<span class="anchor" id="line-13"></span> s create a new empty Sun disklabel
<span class="anchor" id="line-14"></span> t change a partition's system id
<span class="anchor" id="line-15"></span> u change display/entry units
<span class="anchor" id="line-16"></span> v verify the partition table
<span class="anchor" id="line-17"></span> w write table to disk and exit
<span class="anchor" id="line-18"></span> x extra functionality (experts only)
<span class="anchor" id="line-19"></span>
<span class="anchor" id="line-20"></span> Command (m for help):</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-103"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-104"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-105"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
3) We want to add a new partition. Type "n" and press enter. <span class="anchor" id="line-106"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-107"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-108"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-109"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-110"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-5"></span> Command action
<span class="anchor" id="line-2-2"></span> e extended
<span class="anchor" id="line-3-2"></span> p primary partition (1-4)</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-111"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-112"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
4) We want a primary partition. Enter "p" and enter. <span class="anchor" id="line-113"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-114"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-115"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-6"></span> Partition number (1-4):</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-116"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-117"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
5) Since this will be the only partition on the drive, number 1. Enter "1" and enter. <span class="anchor" id="line-118"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-119"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-120"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-7"></span> Command (m for help):</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-121"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
If
it asks about the first cylinder, just type "1" and enter. (We are
making 1 partition to use the whole disk, so it should start at the
beginning.) <span class="anchor" id="line-122"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-123"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
6) Now that the partition is entered, choose option "w" to write the partition table to the disk. Type "w" and enter. <span class="anchor" id="line-124"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-125"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-126"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-8"></span> The partition table has been altered!</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-127"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-128"></span><br />
<div class="line862">
7)
If all went well, you now have a properly partitioned hard drive that's
ready to be formatted. Since this is the first partition, Linux will
recognize it as /dev/sdb1, while the <b>disk</b> that the partition is on is still /dev/sdb. <span class="anchor" id="line-129"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-130"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h3 id="Command_Line_Formatting">
Command Line Formatting</h3>
<span class="anchor" id="line-131"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
To format the new partition as ext3 file system (best for use under Ubuntu): <span class="anchor" id="line-132"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-133"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-134"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-9"></span> sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-135"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-136"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line862">
To format the new partition as fat32 file system (best for use under Ubuntu & Windows): <span class="anchor" id="line-137"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-138"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-139"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-10"></span> sudo mkfs -t fat32 /dev/sdb1</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-140"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-141"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
As always, substitute "/dev/sdb1" with your own partition's path. <span class="anchor" id="line-142"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-143"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-144"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Modify_Reserved_Space_.28Optional.29">
Modify Reserved Space (Optional)</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-145"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
When
formatting the drive as ext2/ext3, 5% of the drive's total space is
reserved for the super-user (root) so that the operating system can
still write to the disk even if it is full. However, for disks that only
contain data, this is not necessary. <span class="anchor" id="line-146"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-147"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
NOTE: You may run this command on a fat32 file system, but it will do nothing; therefore, I highly recommend not running it. <span class="anchor" id="line-148"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-149"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
You can adjust the percentage of reserved space with the "tune2fs" command, like this: <span class="anchor" id="line-150"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-151"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-152"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-11"></span> </pre>
<pre> sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdb1</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-153"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-154"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
This example reserves 1% of space - change this number if you wish. <span class="anchor" id="line-155"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-156"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><div class="line891">
<img alt="(i)" height="16" src="https://help.ubuntu.com/moin_static193/light/img/icon-info.png" title="(i)" width="16" /> Using this command does not change any existing data on the drive. You can use it on a drive which already contains data. <span class="anchor" id="line-157"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-158"></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Create_A_Mount_Point">
Create A Mount Point</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-159"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
Now that
the drive is partitioned and formatted, you need to choose a mount
point. This will be the location from which you will access the drive
in the future. I would recommend using a mount point with "/media", as
it is the default used by Ubuntu. For this example, we'll use the path
"/media/mynewdrive" <span class="anchor" id="line-160"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-161"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-162"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-12"></span> sudo mkdir /media/mynewdrive</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-163"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-164"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
Now we are ready to mount the drive to the mount point. <span class="anchor" id="line-165"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-166"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h1 id="Mount_The_Drive">
Mount The Drive</h1>
<span class="anchor" id="line-167"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
You can
choose to have the drive mounted automatically each time you boot the
computer, or manually only when you need to use it. <span class="anchor" id="line-168"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-169"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h2 id="Automatic_Mount_At_Boot">
Automatic Mount At Boot</h2>
<span class="anchor" id="line-170"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-171"></span><br />
<div class="line862">
Note: Ubuntu now recommends to use UUID instead, see the instructions here:<a class="https" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingUUID">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingUUID</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-172"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-173"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
You'll need to edit /etc/fstab: <span class="anchor" id="line-174"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-175"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-176"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-177"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-13"></span> gksu gedit /etc/fstab</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-178"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-179"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
or in terminal: <span class="anchor" id="line-180"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-181"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-182"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-183"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-14"></span> sudo nano -Bw /etc/fstab</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-184"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line862">
Note: <a class="https" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab#Editing_fstab">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Fstab#Editing_fstab</a> <span class="anchor" id="line-185"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-186"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
<br />
Add this line to the end (for ext3 file system): <span class="anchor" id="line-187"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-188"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-189"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-190"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-15"></span> /dev/sdb1 /media/mynewdrive ext3 defaults 0 2</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-191"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-192"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
Add this line to the end (for fat32 file system): <span class="anchor" id="line-193"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-194"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-195"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-196"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-16"></span> /dev/sdb1 /media/mynewdrive vfat defaults 0 2</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-197"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-198"></span> </li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">The
defaults part may allow you to read, but not write. To write other
partition and FAT specific options must be used. If gnome nautilus is
being used, use the right-click, mount method, from computer folder.
Then launch the mount command from terminal, no options. </li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"> </li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">The last entry
should be the FAT drive and and look something like: <span class="anchor" id="line-199"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-200"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-201"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-202"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-17"></span> </pre>
<pre> /dev/sda5 on /media/mynewdrive type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=hal,shortname=mixed,uid=1000,utf8,umask=077,flush)</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-203"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-204"></span> </li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">All of the parts between the parenthesis are the mount options and should replace "defaults" in the fstab file. <span class="anchor" id="line-205"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-206"></span>The
"2" at the end instructs your system to run a quick file system check
on the hard drive at every boot. Changing it to "0" will skip this. Run
'man fstab' for more info here. <span class="anchor" id="line-207"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-208"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
You can now run "sudo mount -a" (or reboot the computer) to have the changes take effect. <span class="anchor" id="line-209"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-210"></span></div>
<div class="line862">
If
you want to allow a normal user to create files on this drive, you can
either give this user ownership of the top directory of the drive
filesystem: (replace <b>USERNAME</b> with the username) <span class="anchor" id="line-211"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-212"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-213"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-18"></span> sudo chown -R USERNAME:USERNAME /media/mynewdrive</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-214"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
or
in a more flexible way, practical if you have several users, allow for
instance the users in the plugdev group (usually those who are meant to
be able to mount removable disks, desktop users) to create files and
sub-directories on the disk: <span class="anchor" id="line-215"></span></div>
<ul>
<li style="list-style-type: none;"><span class="anchor" id="line-216"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-217"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-218"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-219"></span><pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-19"></span> sudo chgrp plugdev /media/mynewdrive
<span class="anchor" id="line-2-3"></span> sudo chmod g+w /media/mynewdrive
<span class="anchor" id="line-3-3"></span> sudo chmod +t /media/mynewdrive</pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-220"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-221"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="line874">
The
last "chmod +t" adds the sticky bit, so that people can only delete
their own files and sub-directories in a directory, even if they have
write permissions to it (see man chmod). <span class="anchor" id="line-222"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-223"></span></div>
<div class="line867">
</div>
<h2 id="Manually_Mount">
Manually Mount</h2>
<div class="line874">
Alternatively, you may want to manually mount the drive every time you need it. <span class="anchor" id="line-226"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-227"></span></div>
<div class="line874">
For manual mounting, use the following command: <span class="anchor" id="line-228"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-229"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-230"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-20"></span>sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /media/mynewdrive </pre>
<span class="anchor" id="line-231"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-232"></span><br />
<div class="line874">
When you are finished with the drive, you can unmount it using: <span class="anchor" id="line-233"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-234"></span><span class="anchor" id="line-235"></span></div>
<pre><span class="anchor" id="line-1-21"></span>sudo umount /media/mynewdrive</pre>
<br />
That's it <img alt="Smile :)" height="16" src="https://help.ubuntu.com/moin_static193/light/img/icon_smile.png" title="Smile :)" width="16" /><br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive" target="_blank">Ubuntu Documentation</a>.<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-82288224500097974112017-04-04T16:24:00.002+08:002017-04-04T16:24:22.308+08:00Oracle Database account is locked<h3 class="entry-title">
Resolving ORACLE ERROR:ORA-28000: the account is locked
</h3>
After installation of Oracle10g, there was a problem ..couldnt login
using SQL+. None of the accounts(scott/tiger) worked . At last a quick
web search gave the solution . Here is what it is:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYEun1x5z5aXhbZAzrz1KTi4xPuHgGPcXIeH8yE2Krgk1ayFVNYBvad4rRktTYEr2MeuwvKLV8FNfyxDKXu-A7zgTJ_NFPUoDNH2akoswHfnuMQwEONoqDGABnn9BrigMWxuPcX6rZAbDv/s1600/oraclelockaccount.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYEun1x5z5aXhbZAzrz1KTi4xPuHgGPcXIeH8yE2Krgk1ayFVNYBvad4rRktTYEr2MeuwvKLV8FNfyxDKXu-A7zgTJ_NFPUoDNH2akoswHfnuMQwEONoqDGABnn9BrigMWxuPcX6rZAbDv/s400/oraclelockaccount.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a>From your command prompt, type <br />
sqlplus "/ as sysdba"<br />
<br />
Once logged in as SYSDBA, you need to unlock the SCOTT account <br />
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;<br />
SQL> grant connect, resource to scott;<br />
<br />
By thekkadath on Mar 20, 2006<br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://blogs.oracle.com/rajeshthekkadath/entry/resolving_oracle_error_ora_28000" target="_blank">Oracle Blogs</a>. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-8280771031151505942017-01-18T16:55:00.001+08:002017-03-31T10:56:18.722+08:00How to install Tomcat 6 on RHEL 6 or CentOS 6<h2>
Here are some steps to install Tomcat 6 on Red Hat 6 (or CentOS 6).</h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5xXaAdpN27_oSSudgX3tCNwPi3M0fT-W4286fDwTlIyBPeUIPSjxd7T4V8lo81JRjJvQdBfr2Y4MEohw31YgyUZ4O5AmjMwTQxAgo9t_GsIGb4gcS0Gk6nqzA0jmOWmxJ_W14RjC8_Pq3/s1600/tomcat6start.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5xXaAdpN27_oSSudgX3tCNwPi3M0fT-W4286fDwTlIyBPeUIPSjxd7T4V8lo81JRjJvQdBfr2Y4MEohw31YgyUZ4O5AmjMwTQxAgo9t_GsIGb4gcS0Gk6nqzA0jmOWmxJ_W14RjC8_Pq3/s400/tomcat6start.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
<h3>
<a name='more'></a> First we are going to prepare the repository:</h3>
<code></code><code></code><code>
yum install yum-priorities<br />
rpm -Uvh http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm<br />
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-5.noarch.rpm<br />
rpm -Uvh http://mirrors.dotsrc.org/jpackage/6.0/generic/free/RPMS/jpackage-utils-5.0.0-7.jpp6.noarch.rpm<br />
</code><br />
<h3>
Next we will install Java and Tomcat 6:</h3>
<code><br />
yum -y install java<br />
yum -y install tomcat6 tomcat6-webapps tomcat6-admin-webapps<br />
</code><br />
<h3>
Finally we can launch Tomcat 6:</h3>
<code><br />
service tomcat6 start<br />
</code><br />
<h3>
To connect to Tomcat, just browse to port 8080 on the server, for example:</h3>
<code><br />
http://127.0.0.1:8080/<br />
</code><br />
Here are a couple of diagnostic commands to test that Tomcat is running:<br />
<code><br />
# service tomcat6 status<br />
tomcat6 (pid 17318) is running... [ OK ]<br />
# netstat -nlp|grep 800<br />
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8009 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN xxxxx/java<br />
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN xxxxx/java<br />
# netstat -nlp|grep 8080<br />
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN xxxxx/java<br />
</code><br />
<h3>
File Structure</h3>
The Red Hat file structure is different than the default file
structure Tomcat 6 has when installing from source. Here is the file
structure that is used when installing with this method:<br />
<code><br />
/etc/tomcat6 (this is where the main tomcat config files reside)<br />
/usr/share/doc/usr/share/tomcat6<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/bin<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/conf<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/lib<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/logs<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/temp<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/webapps<br />
/usr/share/tomcat6/work<br />
/var/cache/tomcat6<br />
/var/cache/tomcat6/temp<br />
/var/cache/tomcat6/work<br />
/var/lib/tomcat6 (this is where you will add and/or change most of your files)<br />
/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps<br />
/var/log/tomcat6</code><br />
<code><br />
</code><br />
Here is an article that explains how to add support for JConsole debugging and/or monitoring to Tomcat:<br />
https://wiki.internet2.edu/confluence/display/CPD/Monitoring+Tomcat+with+JMX<br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://newpush.com/2011/10/how-to-install-tomcat-6-on-rhel-6-or-centos-6/" target="_blank">Newpush</a>.<br />
<br />
Additional (Use port 80):<br />
<br />
# iptables -D INPUT 5<br />
# <span><span>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 </span></span><br />
<span><span># </span></span><span><span><span>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p udp -m udp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080</span> </span></span><br />
<span><span> </span></span> <br />
<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-36073690765166319082016-06-14T11:01:00.000+08:002016-06-14T11:01:14.890+08:00SMS server using CentOS, kannel and playsmsOn this page I will describe the way I went trough to configure an sms gateway using a laptop, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.business.vodafone.com/site/bus/public/enuk/support/10_productsupport/usb_stick/01_vodafone/02_vodafone_k3565/20_software/p_software.jsp">huawei</a> modem, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.falcom.de/">falcom</a> A2D-1 or the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.option.com/support/globe-trotter-hsdpa">option</a> Globetrotter hardware using the open source software <a class="reference external" href="http://www.kannel.org/">kannel</a> & <a class="reference external" href="http://playsms.org/">playsms</a>.<br />
<br />
The main goal of this project was related to the scouting movement in
Belgium I'm active. We wanted to interrogate all of our members who
were on a start weekend of the next scouting year. To do this we had the
idea to use the sms communication channel. This because almost every
youngster has the possibility to send sms messages without a big effort.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhG9gIrGC_EpaqQz9-cagjmzdDUz8r2HgmeAmFjimcsJyMWNFoi5VZq7cr1p8J6tVt1UvVdpfL_JkFmVLWOm2UKvTFFmiByVDyAN5bGPvuSX0oEydqvxauAp-de07LIsT37HuUk_5-5mus/s1600/smsgateway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhG9gIrGC_EpaqQz9-cagjmzdDUz8r2HgmeAmFjimcsJyMWNFoi5VZq7cr1p8J6tVt1UvVdpfL_JkFmVLWOm2UKvTFFmiByVDyAN5bGPvuSX0oEydqvxauAp-de07LIsT37HuUk_5-5mus/s320/smsgateway.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<a name='more'></a>To achieve this I searched on the internet and found the <a class="reference external" href="http://playsms.org/">playsms</a>
software. Using this software you can easily add an interactive flow to
communicate with people using sms. We used the sms quiz where we added
some questions with keywords were people could answer to and we replied
with a next question.<br />
As mobile provider we choose for <a class="reference external" href="http://www.mobilevikings.com/">Mobile Vikings</a>
a belgium operator with an open-mind. They were very helpfull when I
contacted them to see if they could monitor some mobile traffic for my
sim.<br />
<br />
But before this software can handle your sms messages they have to be
captured and received using a SIM card and pushed to the software. This
step in the whole process can be done by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.kannel.org/">kannel</a>.<br />
<div class="section" id="process-using-centos-6-3-minimal-installation">
<h2>
Process using CentOS 6.3 minimal installation</h2>
Install some required dependency packages:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># yum install gcc libxml2-devel mysql-server wvdial vim
</pre>
Looking for the modem:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf
Found a modem on **/dev/ttyUSB0**
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="minicom">
<h2>
Minicom</h2>
Before starting configuring the services which were going to
communicate with the modem I wanted to make sure I could send text
messages with it. To check that functionality I installed the <a class="reference external" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/minicom">minicom</a> serial communication program:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># yum install minicom
# minicom</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
In this terminal you can control the modem using AT commands. A nice tutorial about those commands is available on <a class="reference external" href="http://qualityguru.wordpress.com/test-status-to-smsmms/">qualityguru</a>.<br />
Steps for entering the PIN.<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block">AT+CPIN=XXXX
OK
AT+CPIN?
+CPIN: READY
OK</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
Checking if the SMS center is configured:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block">AT+CSCA?
+CSCA: "+32XXXXXXXXX",145
OK</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
If not configured, configure it by:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block">AT+CSCA="+32XXXXXXXXX"
OK</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
The steps for sending a text message:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block">AT+CMGF=1
OK
AT+CMGS="+32XXXXXXXXX"
> This is the text message.
> (CTRL-Z)
+CMGS: XX
OK</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
If you received the message on your phone its working obviously and we can start configuring kannel.<br />
If not, check the <a class="reference external" href="http://qualityguru.wordpress.com/2010/03/02/test-status-to-smsmms-trouble-shooting-sending-sms-messages-with-dedicated-gsm-modem-device/">troubleshoot</a> page of qualityguru for some common mistakes.</div>
<div class="section" id="kannel">
<h2>
Kannel</h2>
At the moment of writing this post the last stable version is 1.4.3. Using CentOS 6.4 you can install kannel from the epel <a class="reference external" href="http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">repository</a>:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># yum install kannel</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
Or you can choose to compile it from source:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># wget http://www.kannel.org/download/1.4.3/gateway-1.4.3.tar.gz
# tar zxvf gateway-1.4.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
# cd /usr/local/src/gateway-1.4.3/
# mkdir -p /etc/kannel
# ./configure --prefix=/etc/kannel
# make
# make install</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
I installed the kannel service from the repository and created a
symlink from /etc/kannel.conf to the /etc/kannel/kannel.conf so the
playsms service could read the configuration afterwards:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># mkdir /etc/kannel/
# ln -s /etc/kannel.conf /etc/kannel/kannel.conf</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
Once you configured your device you start kannel by starting the kannel service:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># service kannel start</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
If everything went well you can see that there are 2 services started:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># ps aux | grep kannel
kannel 9611 1.9 0.1 750424 6684 ? Sl 13:14 2:37 /usr/sbin/bearerbox /etc/kannel.conf
kannel 9636 0.0 0.1 674228 4676 ? Sl 13:14 0:00 /usr/sbin/smsbox /etc/kannel.conf
</pre>
<br />
In the /var/log/kannel/kannel.log file you can follow the state of
the kannel service. I struggled a bit with this to find out the reset
string for the modems I used. By searching the internet you can find the
particular string for your device.<br />
<br />
For example the option one I found on <a class="reference external" href="http://forums.enterprisemobiletoday.com/showthread.php?50854-Getting-Vodafone-s-Option-Globetrotter-to-work">enterprisemobiletoday.com</a> by try & error in the minicom terminal.<br />
I used different sorts of hardware and listed the specific kannel.conf files here under per device.<br />
In the first phase I used a <a class="reference external" href="http://www.business.vodafone.com/site/bus/public/enuk/support/10_productsupport/usb_stick/01_vodafone/02_vodafone_k3565/20_software/p_software.jsp">huawei</a> USB dongle:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block">#CORE
group = core
admin-port = 13000
admin-password = #PASSWORD
status-password = #PASSWORD
log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log"
log-level = 0
access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
smsbox-port = 13001
store-type = file
store-location = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store"*
#SMSC MODEM GSM
group = smsc
smsc = at
connect-allow-ip = 127.0.0.1
port = 13013
host = "localhost"
smsc-id = Huawei
modemtype = Huawei
device = /dev/ttyUSB0
speed = 9600
sms-center = "+32486000005"
my-number = "+324XXXXXXXX"
pin = XXXX
group = modems
id = huawei
name = huawei
detect-string = "huawei"
init-string = "AT+CNMI=2,1,0,0,0;+CMEE=1"
#SMSBOX SETUP
group = smsbox
bearerbox-host = 127.0.0.1
bearerbox-port = 130X01
sendsms-port = 13131
sendsms-chars = "0123456789+"
global-sender = 00324XXXXXXXX
log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log"
log-level = 0
access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
#SEND-SMS USERS
group = sendsms-user
username = #USERNAME
password = #PASSWORD
user-allow-ip = "\*.\*.\*.\*"
#SMS SERVICE
group = sms-service
keyword = default
accept-x-kannel-headers = true
#accepted-smsc = Huawei
accepted-smsc = at2
max-messages = 0
assume-plain-text = true
catch-all = true
get-url = "http://localhost/playsms/index.php?app=call&cat=gateway&plugin=kannel&access=geturl&t=%t&q=%q&a=%a"
</pre>
<br />
During the event was in the possession of a <a class="reference external" href="http://www.falcom.de/">falcom</a> A2D-1 gateway which was connected from serial to usb:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block">group = core
admin-port = 13000
admin-password = playsms
log-file = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.log"
log-level = 0
access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
smsbox-port = 13001
store-type = file
store-location = "/var/log/kannel/kannel.store"*
group = smsc
smsc = at
modemtype = falcom
device = /dev/ttyUSB0
my-number = "+324XXXXXXXX"
sms-center = "+32486000005"
pin = XXXX
group = modems
id = falcom
name = "Falcom"
detect-string = "Falcom"
reset-string = "AT+CFUN=1"
#SMSBOX SETUP
group = smsbox
bearerbox-host = localhost
sendsms-port = 13131
log-file = "/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log"
log-level = 0
access-log = "/var/log/kannel/access.log"
#SEND-SMS USERS
group = sendsms-user
username = #USER
password = #PASSWORD
#SMS SERVICE
group = sms-service
keyword = default
accept-x-kannel-headers = true
max-messages = 0
assume-plain-text = true
catch-all = true
get-url = "http://127.0.0.1:2080/playsms/index.php?app=call&cat=gateway&plugin=kannel&access=geturl&t=%t&q=%q&a=%a"
</pre>
<br />
After the event I had to give back the falcom and got my hands on an <a class="reference external" href="http://www.option.com/support/globe-trotter-hsdpa">option</a> globetrotter HSPDA card connected on a pcmci slot of the laptop I configured as CentOS server:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block">#CORE
group = core
admin-port = 13000
admin-password = playsms
status-password = playsms
log-file = /var/log/kannel/kannel.log
log-level = 0
access-log = /var/log/kannel/access.log
smsbox-port = 13001
store-type = file
store-location = /var/log/kannel/kannel.store
#SMSC MODEM GSM
group = smsc
smsc = at
connect-allow-ip = 127.0.0.1
port = 13013
host = “localhost”
smsc-id = Option
modemtype = Option
device = /dev/ttyUSB0
speed = 9600
sms-center = "32486000005"
my-number = "324XXXXXXXX"
pin = XXXX
# If modemtype=auto, try everyone and defaults to this one
group = modems
id = generic
name = "Generic Modem"
reset-string = "AT&F"
#SMSBOX SETUP
group = smsbox
bearerbox-host = 127.0.0.1
bearerbox-port = 13001
sendsms-port = 13131
sendsms-chars = “0123456789+”
global-sender = 0032485550261
log-file = “/var/log/kannel/smsbox.log”
log-level = 0
access-log = “/var/log/kannel/access.log”
#SEND-SMS USERS
group = sendsms-user
username = playsms
password = playsms
#SMS SERVICE
group = sms-service
keyword = default
accept-x-kannel-headers = true
accepted-smsc = at
max-messages = 0
assume-plain-text = true
catch-all = true
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="web-service">
<h2>
Web service</h2>
For the playsms service we need to have a webserver configured. You
can use every webserver you want, I tried with xampp and lighttpd.<br />
<br />
During the event I used with the xampp web service because it was working after all by following the howto of <a class="reference external" href="http://kasrut.blogspot.be/2011/07/install-playsms-and-kannel-on-centos-6.html">kasrut</a>.<br />
<br />
After the event was finished I migrated to lighttpd mainly because I
already had some other applications running on that service.<br />
<br />
<b>Xampp</b><br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/xampp/XAMPP%20Linux/1.7.4/xampp-linux-1.7.4.tar.gz
# tar zxvf xampp-linux-1.7.4.tar.gz -C /opt/
# cd /opt/lampp
# ./lampp start</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<b>Lighttpd</b><br />
<br />
For the installation of lighttpd I refer to a clear tutorial on <a class="reference external" href="http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-lighttpd-with-php5-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-centos-6.3">howtoforge</a></div>
<h2>
playsms</h2>
<a class="reference external" href="http://playsms.org/">playsms</a>
is a free and open-source gateway. I used this software to configure a
big quiz to set up a cool and trendy communication flow between people
and our scouting movement.<br />
<br />
I used the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/antonraharja/playSMS">git</a> repository to easily update my instance to the newest releases:<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># cd /usr/local/src/
# git clone git@github.com:antonraharja/playSMS.git
# cd playSMS/</pre>
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
Creation of the necessary directories and copy the web files to the webserver directory<br />
<br />
<pre class="literal-block"># mkdir -p /var/www/html/playsms /var/spool/playsms /var/log/playsms /var/lib/playsms
# cp -r usr/local/src/playSMS/web/* /var/www/html/playsms/
</pre>
<br />
Creation of a mysql db and user:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># mysql -u root -p
# Enter password:
# mysql> create database playsms;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
# mysql> grant usage on *.* to USER@localhost identified by ‘PASSWORD’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# mysql> grant all privileges on playsms.* to USER@localhost ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# mysql> quit
# msql -u root -p playsms < /usr/local/src/playSMS/db/playsms.sql
</pre>
<br />
Next step is to configure the playsms web service. Therefore follow those steps:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># cd /var/www/html/playsms
# cp config-dist.php config.php
</pre>
<br />
Edit this config.php file to your own needs.<br />
<br />
Now we configured the parameters we can start to install the services:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># mkdir -p /etc/default /usr/local/bin
# cp /usr/local/src/playSMS/daemon/linux/etc/playsms /etc/default/
# cp /usr/local/src/playSMS/daemon/linux/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
# vim /etc/default/playsms # edit the paths to your environment ones
</pre>
<br />
I've used rc.local to start the service at boot:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
</pre>
<br />
and put /usr/local/bin/playsmsd_start at the end of that file<br />
<br />
Next I configured 2 new aliases in my ~/.bashrc to easily start and stop the service:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block">alias playsms-start='/usr/local/bin/playsmsd_start'
alias playsms-stop='/usr/local/bin/playsmsd_stop'
</pre>
<br />
By re-logging in you can start the service by:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># playsms-start
</pre>
<br />
And check if the necessary services are started:<br />
<pre class="literal-block"> </pre>
<pre class="literal-block"># ps aux | grep playsms
root 7735 0.0 0.0 103236 868 pts/4 S+ 15:52 0:00 grep playsms
root 21845 0.0 0.0 106312 1660 pts/4 S 12:25 0:06 /bin/bash ./playsmsd /var/www/html/playsms
root 21847 0.0 0.0 106184 1536 pts/4 S 12:25 0:05 /bin/bash ./sendsmsd /var/www/html/playsms
</pre>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Finally you can browse <a class="reference external" href="http:///">http:/</a>/<your web server IP>/playsms/ and login using</dt>
<dd>username: admin
password: admin</dd></dl>
Where you need to configure kannel in the menu: Gateway > Manage
Kannel > kannel (Inactive) (click here to activate) and adopt the
parameters to the ones you configured in kannel.conf<br />
<br />
After filling in your preferences you should be able to send and receive messages through this nifty web console.<br />
<br />
(TIP: Using twice the same keyword for a quiz resulted in the fact
that only this word is needed to send to the sms server to start the
interactivity)<br />
<br />
<br />Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-61220545830241498332016-03-09T15:40:00.001+08:002016-03-09T15:40:32.200+08:00How To Use Rsync to Sync Local and Remote Directories<br />
<div class="content-body tutorial-content tutorial-content-legacy" data-growable-markdown="">
<h3 id="introduction">
Introduction</h3>
<em>Rsync</em>, which stands for "remote sync", is a remote and local
file synchronization tool. It uses an algorithm that minimizes the
amount of data copied by only moving the portions of files that have
changed.<br />
In this guide, we will cover the basic usage of this powerful
utility. We will be using an Ubuntu 12.04 VPS in the examples, but you
can use any modern Linux distribution to follow along.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-mOlUQQsbxvWEXdKqWfZhlJ20MaZFTX8SxTjEb4bI9qPNFK9SaPdpICIDMgtY_yqO9Sa1MhGZC8RrW04ZghtfEAwrmeZkOLzcjY84Ynb7pd7Aq70OZfB3RYvr_8RmLH707j2Bf_jkR2i/s1600/rsync.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis-mOlUQQsbxvWEXdKqWfZhlJ20MaZFTX8SxTjEb4bI9qPNFK9SaPdpICIDMgtY_yqO9Sa1MhGZC8RrW04ZghtfEAwrmeZkOLzcjY84Ynb7pd7Aq70OZfB3RYvr_8RmLH707j2Bf_jkR2i/s320/rsync.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h2 id="what-is-rsync">
What Is Rsync?</h2>
Rsync is a very flexible network-enabled syncing tool. It can <em>also</em> refer to the network protocol developed to utilize this tool.<br />
When we reference rsync in this guide, we are mainly referring to the utility, and not the protocol.<br />
Due to its ubiquity on Linux and Unix-like systems and its popularity
as a tool for system scripts, it is included on most Linux
distributions by default.<br />
<h2 id="basic-syntax">
Basic Syntax</h2>
The basic syntax of rsync is very straight forward, and operates in a way that is similar to ssh, scp, and cp.<br />
We will create two test directories and some test files with the following commands:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>cd ~
mkdir dir1
mkdir dir2
touch dir1/file{1..100}
</code></pre>
We now have a directory called <code>dir1</code> with 100 empty files in it.<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>ls dir1
</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>file1 file18 file27 file36 file45 file54 file63 file72 file81 file90
file10 file19 file28 file37 file46 file55 file64 file73 file82 file91
file100 file2 file29 file38 file47 file56 file65 file74 file83 file92
file11 file20 file3 file39 file48 file57 file66 file75 file84 file93
file12 file21 file30 file4 file49 file58 file67 file76 file85 file94
file13 file22 file31 file40 file5 file59 file68 file77 file86 file95
file14 file23 file32 file41 file50 file6 file69 file78 file87 file96
file15 file24 file33 file42 file51 file60 file7 file79 file88 file97
file16 file25 file34 file43 file52 file61 file70 file8 file89 file98
file17 file26 file35 file44 file53 file62 file71 file80 file9 file99
</code></pre>
We also have an empty directory called <code>dir2</code>.<br />
To sync the contents of <code>dir1</code> to <code>dir2</code> on the same system, type:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>rsync -r dir1/ dir2
</code></pre>
The <strong>-r</strong> option means recursive, which is necessary for directory syncing.<br />
We could also use the <strong>-a</strong> flag instead:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>rsync -a dir1/ dir2
</code></pre>
The <strong>-a</strong> option is a combination flag.<br />
It stands for "archive" and syncs recursively and preserves symbolic
links, special and device files, modification times, group, owner, and
permissions.<br />
It is more commonly used than <strong>-r</strong> and is usually what you want to use.<br />
<h3 id="an-important-note">
An Important Note</h3>
You may have noticed that there is a trailing slash (/) at the end of the first argument in the above commands:<br />
<pre>rsync -a dir1<span class="highlight">/</span> dir2
</pre>
This is necessary to mean "the contents of <code>dir1</code>".<br />
The alternative, without the trailing slash, would place <code>dir1</code>, including the directory, within <code>dir2</code>. This would create a hierarchy that looks like:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>~/dir2/dir1/[files]
</code></pre>
Always double-check your arguments before executing an rsync command.<br />
Rsync provides a method for doing this by passing the <strong>-n</strong> or <strong>--dry-run</strong> options. The <strong>-v</strong> flag (for verbose) is also necessary to get the appropriate output:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>rsync -anv dir1/ dir2
</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>sending incremental file list
./
file1
file10
file100
file11
file12
file13
file14
file15
file16
file17
file18
. . .
</code></pre>
Compare this output to the output we get when we remove the trailing slash:<br />
<pre class="code-pre "><code>rsync -anv dir1 dir2
</code></pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>sending incremental file list
dir1/
dir1/file1
dir1/file10
dir1/file100
dir1/file11
dir1/file12
dir1/file13
dir1/file14
dir1/file15
dir1/file16
dir1/file17
dir1/file18
. . .
</code></pre>
You can see here that the directory itself is transfered.<br />
<h2 id="how-to-use-rsync-to-sync-with-a-remote-system">
How To Use Rsync to Sync with a Remote System</h2>
Syncing to a remote system is trivial if you have SSH access to the
remote machine and rsync installed on both sides. If you need to <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-set-up-ssh-keys--2">set up SSH keys</a>, click here.<br />
Once you have SSH access verified on between the two machines, you can sync the <code>dir1</code> folder from earlier to a remote computer by using this syntax (note that we <em>want</em> to transfer the actual directory in this case, so we omit the trailing slash):<br />
<pre>rsync -a ~/dir1 <span class="highlight">username</span>@<span class="highlight">remote_host</span>:<span class="highlight">destination_directory</span>
</pre>
This is called a "push" operation because it pushes a directory from the local system to a remote system.<br />
The opposite operation is "pull". It is used to sync a remote directory to the local system. If the <code>dir1</code> were on the remote system instead of our local system, the syntax would be:<br />
<pre>rsync -a <span class="highlight">username</span>@<span class="highlight">remote_host</span>:<span class="highlight">/home/username/dir1</span> <span class="highlight">place_to_sync_on_local_machine</span>
</pre>
Like "cp" and similar tools, the source is always the first argument, and the destination is always the second.<br />
<h2 id="useful-options-for-rsync">
Useful Options for Rsync</h2>
Rsync provides many options for altering the default behavior of the
utility. We have already discussed some of the more necessary flags.<br />
If you are transferring files that have not already been compressed,
like text files, you can reduce the network transfer by adding
compression with the <strong>-z</strong> option:<br />
<pre>rsync -az <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
The <strong>-P</strong> flag is very helpful. It combines the flags <strong>--progress</strong> and <strong>--partial</strong>. The first of these gives you a progress bar for the transfers and the second allows you to resume interrupted transfers:<br />
<pre>rsync -azP <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>sending incremental file list
./
file1
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=99/101)
file10
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=98/101)
file100
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=97/101)
file11
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#4, to-check=96/101)
. . .
</code></pre>
If we run the command again, we will get a shorter output, because no changes have been made.<br />
This illustrates rsync's ability to use modification times to determine if changes have been made.<br />
<pre>rsync -azP <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>sending incremental file list
sent 818 bytes received 12 bytes 1660.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
</code></pre>
We can update the modification time on some of the files and see that rsync intelligently re-copies only the changed files:<br />
<pre>touch dir1/file{1..10}
rsync -azP <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
<pre class="code-pre "><code>sending incremental file list
file1
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#1, to-check=99/101)
file10
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=98/101)
file2
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=87/101)
file3
0 100% 0.00kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#4, to-check=76/101)
. . .
</code></pre>
In order to keep two directories truly in sync, it is necessary to
delete files from the destination directory if they are removed from the
source. By default, rsync does not delete anything from the
destination directory.<br />
We can change this behavior with the <strong>--delete</strong> option. Before using this option, use the <strong>--dry-run</strong> option and do testing to prevent data loss:<br />
<pre>rsync -a --delete <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
If you wish to exclude certain files or directories located inside a
directory you are syncing, you can do so by specifying them in a
comma-separated list following the <strong>--exclude=</strong> option:<br />
<pre>rsync -a --exclude=<span class="highlight">pattern_to_exclude</span> <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
If we have specified a pattern to exclude, we can override that exclusion for files that match a different pattern by using the <strong>--include=</strong> option.<br />
<pre>rsync -a --exclude=<span class="highlight">pattern_to_exclude</span> --include=<span class="highlight">pattern_to_include</span> <span class="highlight">source</span> <span class="highlight">destination</span>
</pre>
<h2 id="conclusion">
Conclusion</h2>
Rsync can simplify file transfers over networked connections and add
robustness to local directory syncing. The flexibility of rsync makes
it a good option for many different file-level operations.<br />
A mastery of rsync allows you to design complex backup operations and
obtain fine-grained control over what is transferred and how.<br />
<div class="author">
By Justin Ellingwood</div>
</div>
<br />
Source <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-rsync-to-sync-local-and-remote-directories-on-a-vps" target="_blank">Digital Ocean</a>.<br />
<br />Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-39850407023872375152016-03-08T16:31:00.005+08:002016-03-08T16:50:50.930+08:00How To Set Up SSH Keys<h3>
About SSH Keys</h3>
SSH keys provide a more secure way of logging into a virtual private
server with SSH than using a password alone. While a password can
eventually be cracked with a brute force attack, SSH keys are nearly
impossible to decipher by brute force alone. Generating a key pair
provides you with two long string of characters: a public and a private
key. You can place the public key on any server, and then unlock it by
connecting to it with a client that already has the private key. When
the two match up, the system unlocks without the need for a password.
You can increase security even more by protecting the private key with a
passphrase.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqjtLaABBVjBh3M1dntai1sL2mAsY7ooGMflfx-0B9YJGzNIAl7UfOfVyLstzowM2iKSohGW8TQEKA2MMdhP4dhvRwPZMKfIMZVcz29CVeHQzVloK-BWPgWcjZ3zntOvcZymFge-1HRgTc/s1600/ssh_keys_tw.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqjtLaABBVjBh3M1dntai1sL2mAsY7ooGMflfx-0B9YJGzNIAl7UfOfVyLstzowM2iKSohGW8TQEKA2MMdhP4dhvRwPZMKfIMZVcz29CVeHQzVloK-BWPgWcjZ3zntOvcZymFge-1HRgTc/s640/ssh_keys_tw.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h2>
Step One—Create the RSA Key Pair</h2>
The first step is to create the key pair on the client machine (there is a good chance that this will just be your computer):<br />
<pre>ssh-keygen -t rsa</pre>
<h2>
Step Two—Store the Keys and Passphrase</h2>
Once you have entered the Gen Key command, you will get a few more questions:<br />
<pre>Enter file in which to save the key (/home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa):</pre>
You can press enter here, saving the file to the user home (in this case, my example user is called demo).<br />
<pre>Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):</pre>
It's up to you whether you want to use a passphrase. Entering a
passphrase does have its benefits: the security of a key, no matter how
encrypted, still depends on the fact that it is not visible to anyone
else. Should a passphrase-protected private key fall into an
unauthorized users possession, they will be unable to log in to its
associated accounts until they figure out the passphrase, buying the
hacked user some extra time. The only downside, of course, to having a
passphrase, is then having to type it in each time you use the Key Pair.<br />
The entire key generation process looks like this:<br />
<pre>ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4a:dd:0a:c6:35:4e:3f:ed:27:38:8c:74:44:4d:93:67 demo@a
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .oo. |
| . o.E |
| + . o |
| . = = . |
| = S = . |
| o + = + |
| . o + o . |
| . o |
| |
+-----------------+</pre>
The public key is now located in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The private key (identification) is now located in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa<br />
<h2>
Step Three—Copy the Public Key</h2>
Once the key pair is generated, it's time to place the public key on the virtual server that we want to use.<br />
You can copy the public key into the new machine's authorized_keys
file with the ssh-copy-id command. Make sure to replace the example
username and IP address below.<br />
<pre>ssh-copy-id user@123.45.56.78</pre>
Alternatively, you can paste in the keys using SSH:<br />
<pre>cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@123.45.56.78 "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"</pre>
No matter which command you chose, you should see something like:<br />
<pre>The authenticity of host '12.34.56.78 (12.34.56.78)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is b1:2d:33:67:ce:35:4d:5f:f3:a8:cd:c0:c4:48:86:12.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '12.34.56.78' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
user@12.34.56.78's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'user@12.34.56.78'", and check in:
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.</pre>
Now you can go ahead and log into user@12.34.56.78 and you will not
be prompted for a password. However, if you set a passphrase, you will
be asked to enter the passphrase at that time (and whenever else you log
in in the future).<br />
<h2>
Optional Step Four—Disable the Password for Root Login</h2>
Once you have copied your SSH keys unto your server and <b> ensured that you can log in with the SSH keys alone</b>, you can go ahead and restrict the root login to only be permitted via SSH keys.<br />
In order to do this, open up the SSH config file:<br />
<pre>sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config</pre>
Within that file, find the line that includes <code>PermitRootLogin</code> and modify it to ensure that users can only connect with their SSH key:<br />
<pre>PermitRootLogin without-password</pre>
Put the changes into effect:<br />
<pre>reload ssh</pre>
<br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-ssh-keys--2" target="_blank">Digital Ocean</a>.Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-4865253996601854492016-01-19T09:14:00.003+08:002016-01-19T09:15:47.009+08:00How to Install and Configure HAProxy on CentOS/RHEL 7/6/5 <b>HAProxy</b> is a very fast and reliable
solution for high availability, load balancing, It supports TCP and
HTTP-based applications. Now a days most of the websites need 99.999%
uptime for their site, which are not possible with single server setup.
Then we need some high availability environment which can easily manage
with single server failure.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnIUGG-jfX8DUCEnTPELnp-t5EufevjVP0Cl3bcrXDkLFCzoWojZGEVLgOsPbhISoBuXYHpq8OdBlm24IBtyY0T-YVEkXxptOqyLZy_X_RLFwFs_RjxwXJ2Kw4jVNAGuqb6uRI_U-loi-4/s1600/haproxy-setup-diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnIUGG-jfX8DUCEnTPELnp-t5EufevjVP0Cl3bcrXDkLFCzoWojZGEVLgOsPbhISoBuXYHpq8OdBlm24IBtyY0T-YVEkXxptOqyLZy_X_RLFwFs_RjxwXJ2Kw4jVNAGuqb6uRI_U-loi-4/s400/haproxy-setup-diagram.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
This article will help you to install HAProxy on CentOS, RHEL servers and will configure a <b>Layer 4 Load Balancing</b> (<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model#Layer_4:_transport_layer" target="_blank">Transport Layer</a></b>). Which will balance load and transfer requests to different-2 servers based on IP address and port numbers.<br />
<h2 class="heading1">
Step 1 – Install HAProxy</h2>
HAProxy package is available under default yum repository for CentOS,
Redhat systems. Use the following yum package manager command to
install HAProxy on your system.<br />
<br />
<pre># yum install haproxy
</pre>
<h2 class="heading1">
Step 2 – Configure HAProxy </h2>
Update your HAProxy configuration file <b>/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg</b> as per your requirement, You may also use below given configuration file as an example of setup and modify it.<br />
<pre># vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
</pre>
<h5 class="heading4">
[ Update red mark values as per your network setup ]</h5>
<pre class="pretty">global
log 127.0.0.1 local0
log 127.0.0.1 local1 debug
maxconn 45000 # Total Max Connections.
daemon
nbproc 1 # Number of processing cores.
defaults
timeout server 86400000
timeout connect 86400000
timeout client 86400000
timeout queue 1000s
# [HTTP Site Configuration]
listen http_web 192.168.10.10:80
mode http
balance roundrobin # Load Balancing algorithm
option httpchk
option forwardfor
server server1 192.168.10.100:80 weight 1 maxconn 512 check
server server2 192.168.10.101:80 weight 1 maxconn 512 check
# [HTTPS Site Configuration]
listen https_web 192.168.10.10:443
mode tcp
balance source# Load Balancing algorithm
reqadd X-Forwarded-Proto:\ http
server server1 192.168.10.100:443 weight 1 maxconn 512 check
server server2 192.168.10.101:443 weight 1 maxconn 512 check
</pre>
<br />
Change the ips in configuration file as per your network setup. In <b>HTTP Site Configuration</b>
section if any request on ip 192.168.10.10 on port 80, this will be
redirected to port 80 of 192.168.10.100 or 192.168.10.101 servers.
Similarly in <b>HTTPS Site Configuration</b> if any request on
ip 192.168.10.10 on port 443, this will be redirected to port 443 of
192.168.10.100 or 192.168.10.101 servers.<br />
You also need to make few changes in configuration file as per your system configuration.<br />
<ul>
<li>nbproc <value> # Number of processing cores in your system.</li>
<li>mode <value> # ‘http’ for http site and ‘tcp’ for https site</li>
<li>balance <value> # Type of load balancing like ‘source’, ’roundrobin’ etc.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<h2 class="heading1">
Step 3 – Start HAProxy Service</h2>
Start HAProxy service using following command, also configure it to auto start on system boot.<br />
<pre># service haproxy start
# chkconfig haproxy on</pre>
<pre> </pre>
<b>And You have done it.</b><br />
<br />
<b>Congratulation’s!</b> you have successfully configured HAProxy load balancer. Read next article to <a href="http://tecadmin.net/how-to-configure-haproxy-statics/">enable haproxy stats</a> and <a href="http://tecadmin.net/haproxy-acl-for-load-balancing-on-url-request/" target="_blank">setup ACL in HAProxy</a>.<br />
<br />
For more configuration details check below url. <a href="http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt" target="_blank">http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt</a><br />
<br />
Source <a href="http://tecadmin.net/install-and-configure-haproxy-on-centos/" target="_blank">Tecadmin.net</a>. <br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-46503703782621440532015-07-10T16:15:00.004+08:002015-07-10T16:16:30.527+08:00Install Apache, PHP And MySQL On CentOS 7 (LAMP) <h3 id="-preliminary-note">
1 Preliminary Note</h3>
In this tutorial I use the hostname <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">server1.example.com</span> with the IP address <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">192.168.0.100</span>. These settings might differ for you, so you have to replace them where appropriate.<br />
<br />
I will add EPEL-7 repo here to install latest phpMyAdmin as follows:<br />
<div class="command">
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/beta/7/x86_64/epel-release-7-0.2.noarch.rpm</div>
<div class="command">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZZCypf6csfCbXmC9_3isqQQwUCK7LCplBBnNI52LaTX6U5gRVoUf6zEpUjRqCv6R6FiQZ51X-UXb65kx_e8Mjqy7IRJHx-nC3wLsyREn712tkbVhgR29NmNkvApItI6WxW_A5dGX8dtY/s1600/lampcentos7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZZCypf6csfCbXmC9_3isqQQwUCK7LCplBBnNI52LaTX6U5gRVoUf6zEpUjRqCv6R6FiQZ51X-UXb65kx_e8Mjqy7IRJHx-nC3wLsyREn712tkbVhgR29NmNkvApItI6WxW_A5dGX8dtY/s640/lampcentos7.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="command">
</div>
<a name='more'></a><br />
<h3 id="-installing-mysql-">
2 Installing MySQL 5</h3>
To install MySQL, we do install mariadb like this:<br />
<div class="command">
yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb</div>
<div class="command">
<br /></div>
Then we create the system startup links for MySQL (so that MySQL
starts automatically whenever the system boots) and start the MySQL
server:<br />
<div class="command">
systemctl start mariadb.service<br />
systemctl enable mariadb.service</div>
Set passwords for the MySQL root account:<br />
<div class="command">
mysql_secure_installation</div>
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation<br />
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found<br />
<address class="system">
</address>
<address class="system">
</address>
<address class="system">
</address>
<address class="system">
</address>
<address class="system">
<br />NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB<br /> SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!<br /><br />In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current<br />password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and<br />you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,<br />so you should just press enter here.<br /><br />Enter current password for root (enter for none): <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--ENTER</b><br />OK, successfully used password, moving on...<br /><br />Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB<br />root user without the proper authorisation.<br /><br />Set root password? [Y/n] <br />New password: <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--yourmariadbpassword</b><br />Re-enter new password: <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--yourmariadbpassword</b><br />Password updated successfully!<br />Reloading privilege tables..<br /> ... Success!<br /><br /><br />By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone<br />to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for<br />them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation<br />go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a<br />production environment.<br /><br />Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--ENTER</b><br /> ... Success!<br /><br />Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This<br />ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.<br /><br />Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--ENTER</b><br /> ... Success!<br /><br />By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can<br />access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed<br />before moving into a production environment.<br /><br />Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--ENTER</b><br /> - Dropping test database...<br /> ... Success!<br /> - Removing privileges on test database...<br /> ... Success!<br /><br />Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far<br />will take effect immediately.<br /><br />Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <b style="color: red; text-decoration: underline;"><--ENTER</b><br /> ... Success!<br /><br />Cleaning up...<br /><br />All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB<br />installation should now be secure.<br /><br />Thanks for using MariaDB!<br />[root@server1 ~]#</address>
<h3 id="-installing-apache">
3 Installing Apache2</h3>
CentOS 7.0 ships with apache 2.4. Apache2 is directly available as a CentOS 7.0 package, therefore we can install it like this:<br />
<div class="command">
yum -y install httpd</div>
<address class="system">
[root@server1 ~]# yum install httpd<br />Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks<br />Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile<br /> * base: ftp.plusline.de<br /> * extras: mirror.23media.de<br /> * updates: mirror.23media.de<br />Package httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.centos.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version<br />Nothing to do<br />[root@server1 ~]#</address>
By default apache will be installed, if-not then please install it as shown above<br />
Now configure your system to start Apache at boot time...<br />
<div class="command">
systemctl start httpd.service</div>
<div class="command">
systemctl enable httpd.service</div>
In CentOS 7.0 uses Firewall-cmd, so I will customize it to allow external access to port <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">80</span> (http) and <span class="system">443</span> (https).<br />
<div class="command">
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http <br />
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https<br />
firewall-cmd --reload</div>
Now direct your browser to <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">http://192.168.0.100</span>, and you should see the Apache2 placeholder page: <br />
<br />
<a class="fancybox" href="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/big/2.png" id="img-2"><img alt="" src="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/2.png" /></a>
<br />
<h3 id="-installing-php">
4 Installing PHP5</h3>
We can install PHP5 and the Apache PHP5 module as follows:<br />
<div class="command">
yum -y install php</div>
We must restart Apache afterwards:<br />
<div class="command">
systemctl restart httpd.service</div>
<h3 id="-testing-php-getting-details-about-your-php-installation">
5 Testing PHP5 / Getting Details About Your PHP5 Installation</h3>
The document root of the default web site is /var/www/html. We will
now create a small PHP file (info.php) in that directory and call it in a
browser. The file will display lots of useful details about our PHP
installation, such as the installed PHP version.<br />
<div class="command">
vi /var/www/html/info.php</div>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #cccccc;"><pre><?php
phpinfo();
?></pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Now we call that file in a browser (e.g. <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">http://192.168.0.100/info.php</span>):<br />
<a class="fancybox" href="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/big/4.png" id="img-4"><img alt="" src="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/4.png" /></a>
<br />
As you see, PHP5 is working, and it's working through the <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">Apache 2.0</span> Handler, as shown in the <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">Server API line</span>.
If you scroll further down, you will see all modules that are already
enabled in PHP5. MySQL is not listed there which means we don't have
MySQL support in PHP5 yet.<br />
<div style="background-color: white; float: left; margin: 10px 15px 10px 0px; width: 336px;">
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<div id="div-gpt-ad-1514150390818-0">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="-getting-mysql-support-in-php">
6 Getting MySQL Support In PHP5</h3>
To get MySQL support in PHP, we can install the <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">php-mysql</span>
package. It's a good idea to install some other PHP5 modules as well as
you might need them for your applications. You can search for available
PHP5 modules like this:<br />
<div class="command">
yum search php</div>
Pick the ones you need and install them like this:<br />
<div class="command">
yum -y install php-mysql</div>
In the next step I will install some common PHP modules that are required by CMS Systems like Wordpress, Joomla and Drupal:<br />
<div class="command">
yum -y install php-gd php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring php-snmp php-soap curl curl-devel</div>
Now restart Apache2:<br />
<div class="command">
systemctl restart httpd.service</div>
Now reload <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">http://192.168.0.100/info.php</span> in your browser and scroll down to the modules section again. You should now find lots of new modules like curl etc there.: <br />
<a class="fancybox" href="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/big/5.png" id="img-5"><img alt="" src="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/5.png" /></a>
<br />
<h3 id="-phpmyadmin-installation">
7 phpMyAdmin installation</h3>
phpMyAdmin is a web interface through which you can manage your MySQL databases.<br />
phpMyAdmin can now be installed as follows:<br />
<div class="command">
yum install phpMyAdmin</div>
Now we configure phpMyAdmin. We change the Apache configuration so
that phpMyAdmin allows connections not just from localhost (by
commenting out the <Directory "<span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">/usr/share/phpmyadmin</span>"> stanza):<br />
<div class="command">
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf</div>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #cccccc;"><pre>[...]
Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpMyAdmin
Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpMyAdmin
#<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
# <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
# # Apache 2.4
# <RequireAny>
# Require ip 127.0.0.1
# Require ip ::1
# </RequireAny>
# </IfModule>
# <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
# # Apache 2.2
# Order Deny,Allow
# Deny from All
# Allow from 127.0.0.1
# Allow from ::1
# </IfModule>
#</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
Options none
AllowOverride Limit
Require all granted
</Directory>
[...] </pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Next we change the authentication in phpMyAdmin from <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">cookie</span> to <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">http</span>:<br />
<div class="command">
vi /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php</div>
<table border="1" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #cccccc;"><pre>[...]
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'http'; // Authentication method (config, http or cookie based)?
[...]</pre>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Restart Apache:<br />
<div class="command">
systemctl restart httpd.service</div>
Afterwards, you can access phpMyAdmin under <span class="system" style="font-family: monospace;">http://192.168.0.100/phpmyadmin/</span>:<br />
<a class="fancybox" href="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/big/7.png" id="img-7"><img alt="" src="https://www.howtoforge.com/images/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7.0_lamp/7.png" /></a><br />
<br />
<h3 id="-links">
8 Links</h3>
<br />
Apache: <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">http://httpd.apache.org/</a><br />
PHP: <a href="http://www.php.net/">http://www.php.net/</a><br />
MySQL: <a href="http://www.mysql.com/">http://www.mysql.com/</a><br />
CentOS: <a href="http://www.centos.org/">http://www.centos.org/</a><br />
phpMyAdmin: <a href="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/">http://www.phpmyadmin.net/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Source <a href="https://www.howtoforge.com/apache_php_mysql_on_centos_7_lamp" target="_blank">HowToForge</a>.<br />
<br />Prince of Noobhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16215898985892524759noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-87318032891223103462014-10-17T15:51:00.002+08:002014-10-17T16:18:37.363+08:00RHEL / CentOS 6.x KVM Virtualization Installation and Configuration Guide<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px;">How do I setup and manage a virtualized environment with Kernel based Virtual Machine (KVM) in CentOS or Red Hat Enterpise Linux version 6 server on IBM server? Can you provide step-by-step commands of how to install and manage Virtual Machines (VMs) on a physical server using KVM for RHEL/CentOS version 6.4?</span><br />
<span id="more-13472" style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span><br />
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<table cellspacing="0" class="postbox" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(209, 209, 209) 0px 1px 2px; background: rgb(234, 235, 236); border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-shadow: rgb(209, 209, 209) 0px 1px 2px; color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin: 1px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px;"><tbody style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;"><th style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(237, 237, 237)), to(rgb(235, 235, 235))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 9px 6px 20px; text-align: left;">Tutorial details</th><th style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(237, 237, 237)), to(rgb(235, 235, 235))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(250, 250, 250); border-top-right-radius: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 9px 6px;"></th></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;"><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(251, 251, 251)), to(rgb(250, 250, 250))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px 2px 2px 20px; text-align: left;">Difficulty</td><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(251, 251, 251)), to(rgb(250, 250, 250))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px;"><a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/tutorial-difficulty-level/advanced/" style="color: #2361a1; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="See all Expert Linux / Unix System Administrator Tutorials">Advanced</a> (<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/tutorial-difficulty-level/advanced/feed/" style="color: #2361a1; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="See all Expert Linux / Unix System Administrator Tutorials via rss feed">rss</a>)</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;"><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(248, 248, 248)), to(rgb(246, 246, 246))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px 2px 2px 20px; text-align: left;">Root privileges</td><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(248, 248, 248)), to(rgb(246, 246, 246))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px;"><a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-can-i-log-in-as-root/" style="color: #2361a1; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title="See how to login as root user">Yes</a></td></tr>
<tr style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;"><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(251, 251, 251)), to(rgb(250, 250, 250))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px 2px 2px 20px; text-align: left;">Requirements</td><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(251, 251, 251)), to(rgb(250, 250, 250))); border-bottom-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px;"><a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-xen-vmware-kvm-intel-vt-amd-v-support/" style="color: #2361a1; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">VT enabled server</a></td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;"><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(248, 248, 248)), to(rgb(246, 246, 246))); border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px 2px 2px 20px; text-align: left;">Estimated completion time</td><td style="background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 100%, from(rgb(248, 248, 248)), to(rgb(246, 246, 246))); border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin: 0px; padding: 2px;">1h</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px;">KVM is part of RHEL and CentOS Linux. You can easily install the same using the following commands. Please note that only the package names have changed in RHEL/CentOS 6.x. If you are using RHEL / CentOS 5.x, read our </span><a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-kvm-virtulization-tutorial/" style="background-color: white; color: #2361a1; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">previous CentOS / Redhat (RHEL) v.5.x KVM Virtulization</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px;">guide for more information.</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
Install required KVM RPMs/packages</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Type the following <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="See Linux/Unix yum command examples for more info">yum command</a><br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># yum groupinstall "Virtualisation Tools" "Virtualization Platform"<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># yum install python-virtinst</code><br />
OR<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># yum install kvm qemu-kvm python-virtinst libvirt libvirt-python virt-manager libguestfs-tools</code><br />
Sample outputs:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;">Loaded plugins: product-id, protectbase, rhnplugin
This system is receiving updates from RHN Classic or RHN Satellite.
0 packages excluded due to repository protections
Setting up Install Process
Package libvirt-0.10.2-18.el6_4.15.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libguestfs-tools.x86_64 1:1.16.34-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libguestfs-tools-c = 1:1.16.34-2.el6 for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.16.34-2.el6.x86_64
....
..
..
spice-glib.x86_64 0:0.14-7.el6_4.3
spice-gtk.x86_64 0:0.14-7.el6_4.3
spice-gtk-python.x86_64 0:0.14-7.el6_4.3
spice-server.x86_64 0:0.12.0-12.el6_4.5
vgabios.noarch 0:0.6b-3.7.el6
vte.x86_64 0:0.25.1-8.el6_4
Complete!</pre>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
Turn on libvirtd service</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
The libvirtd program is the server side daemon component of the libvirt virtualization management system. Type the following chkconfig command to turn it on:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># chkconfig libvirtd on</code><br />
Start the libvirtd service by typing the following service command:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># service libvirtd start</code><br />
Sample outputs:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;">Starting libvirtd daemon: [ OK ]</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
You can verify the libvirtd service by tying the following commands:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">service libvirtd status</strong>
libvirtd (pid 31128) is running...
# <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">virsh -c qemu:///system list</strong>
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
</pre>
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Sample setup</h2>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"> +-------------+
| CentOS/RHEL | |-----|
-->ISP router---+ Box Host w/ +--- eth0 -->-+ br0 + Private IP
| KVM | | |
+-------------+--- eth1 -->-+ br1 | Public IP
|-----|
|
vm1-+---vm2----vm3---vm4
*** NOTE: each VMs will have two interface i.e. Private and Public *****
</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Where,</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">eth0 - KVM servers' LAN interface.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">eth1 - KVM servers' WAN/Internet interface.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">br0 - KVM servers' bridge interface to give VM direct access to all the resources on the LAN.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">br1 - KVM servers' bridge interface to give VM direct access to all the resources on the WAN/Internet. Users can ssh into VMs or you can host HTTPD/SMTPD using this interface.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">obsd-vm1 (vm1) - OpenBSD VM name.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">rhel-vm1 (vm2) - RHEL VM name.</li>
</ol>
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Install and configure a network bridge</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
All VMs will only have network access to host and other VMs on same physical server via private network. You need to crate a network bridge so that the VMs can access your LAN and possible the Internet/WAN from outside. Type the following <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" title="See Linux/Unix yum command examples for more info">yum command</a> to install bridge-utils package:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># yum install bridge-utils</code></div>
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Setup a default gateway</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Edit /etc/sysconfig/network as follows<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />NETWORKING=yes<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />HOSTNAME=kvm-42.cyberciti.biz<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />## I am routing internet traffic via br1 ##<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />GATEWAYDEV=br1</code></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
Configure bridging</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Update /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 (private) as follows:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />DEVICE=eth0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />ONBOOT=yes<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />HWADDR=00:30:48:C6:0A:D8<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BRIDGE=br0</span></code><br />
Update /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 (public) as follows:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />DEVICE=eth1<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />ONBOOT=yes<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />HWADDR=00:30:48:C6:0A:D9<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BRIDGE=br1</strong></code><br />
Create/edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 file to setup private/lan ip address for br0:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DEVICE=br0</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">TYPE=Bridge</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />BOOTPROTO=static<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />ONBOOT=yes<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />## setup LAN/VLAN ips as per your needs ##<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />IPADDR=10.10.29.66<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />NETMASK=255.255.255.192<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />DELAY=0</code><br />
Create/edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br1 file to setup public/wan/internet ip address for br1:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br1<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DEVICE=br1</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /><span style="color: #009900; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">TYPE=Bridge</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />BOOTPROTO=static<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />ONBOOT=yes<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />## setup INTERNET ips as per your needs ##<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />IPADDR=74.ww.xx.yy<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />NETMASK=255.255.255.248<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />GATEWAY=74.ww.xx.yy<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />DELAY=0</code><br />
I need to route all lan traffic (subnet 10.0.0.0/8) via 10.10.29.65 gateway. Create/edit file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-br0 as follows:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-br0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />10.0.0.0/8 via 10.10.29.65</code></div>
<div class="alert" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 160); border: 1px solid rgb(229, 229, 151); color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0.571em 0.786em;">
<span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Warning</span>: Restarting network service over the ssh session may result into total loss of the connectivity to the server. So make sure br0 and br1 configuration including routing set correctly.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
A note about <span style="color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">SELinux</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
I have not disabled SELinux on CentOS / RHEL. I do not recommend disabling SELinux. So make sure the config file has correct SELinux permissions:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># ls -Z /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/{route-br0,ifcfg-eth?,ifcfg-br?}</code><br />
Sample outputs:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;">-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br1
-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
-rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-br0</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-linux-re-apply-or-restore-selinux-security-labels-context/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Use restorecon command to set or restore file(s) default SELinux security contexts</a>:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># restorecon -Rv /etc/sysconfig/</code><br />
If you are going to reboot the SELinux enabled server, make sure you type the following command:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># touch /.autorelabel<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># reboot</code></div>
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Restart the networking service</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Type <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/unix-network-service-restart-stop/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">the following command to restart networking on RHEL/CentOS/SL</a>:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># service network restart</code></div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
Verify br0/br1 settings</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Type the following commands:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># brctl show<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># ip addr show br0<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># ip addr show br1<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># ip route<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># ping cyberciti.biz</code></div>
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Creating VMs</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
You need to use virt-install command.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.286em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.222em; margin: 1.833em 0px 0.611em; padding: 0px;">
Example: Create OpenBSD VM</h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
Grab, installation media:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># cd /var/lib/libvirt/boot/<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /># wget http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/5.4/amd64/install54.iso</code><br />
In this example, I am using virt-install to create a OpenBSD 5.4_amd64 VM named obsd-vm1 with one virtual CPU, 1 GB memory and 10 GB of disk space:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># virt-install \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />-n obsd-vm1 \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--description "cyberciti.biz OpenBSD 5.4 64 bit VM1" \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--ram=1024 \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--vcpus=1 \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--cpu host \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--os-variant=openbsd4 \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--accelerate \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--hvm \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/boot/install54.iso \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--network bridge:br0,model=virtio --network bridge:br1,model=virtio \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--graphics vnc \<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/openbsd-vm1-cyberciti.biz.img,bus=virtio,size=10</code></div>
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virt-install options</h4>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.9939994812012px; margin: 0px 0px 1.571em 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">-n obsd-vm1</strong></kbd> : The name of the VM.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--description "cyberciti.biz OpenBSD 5.4 64 bit VM1"</strong></kbd> : The long description of the VM.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--ram=1024</strong></kbd> : 1024MB is the amount of memory allocated to the VM.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--vcpus=1</strong></kbd> : The number of virtual CPU(s) for the VM.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--cpu host</strong></kbd> : Optimize CPU properties for the VM.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--os-variant=openbsd4</strong></kbd> : This is the VM OS type.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--accelerate</strong></kbd> : Prefer KVM or KQEMU (in that order) if installing a QEMU guest. This option is no longer required.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--hvm</strong></kbd> : Request the use of full virtualization.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/boot/install54.iso</strong></kbd> : Install OpeBSD v5.4 from an iso the location parameter.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--network bridge:br0,model=virtio --network bridge:br1,model=virtio</strong></kbd> : Create a network bridge using br0 and br1 i.e. the VM will have two network interface for LAN and Internet.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--graphics vnc</strong></kbd> : Use VNC to access installation using vnc server/viewer from your local Linux/OSX/Unix/Windows desktop.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/openbsd-vm1-cyberciti.biz.img,bus=virtio,size=10</strong></kbd> : This is is the image file for the VM, the size is specified in GBs and I am forcing vio driver. The virtio driver provides support service for paravirtualized devices using the VirtIO protocol.</li>
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How do I connect to OpenBSD installer from my local desktop?</h3>
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Type the following command on your local desktop:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># ssh -L 5900:127.0.0.1:5900 root@KVM-Server-IP-Here</code><br />
OR<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># ssh -L 5900:127.0.0.1:5900 -N -f -l root kvm-42.cyberciti.biz</code><br />
Use <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/tunneling-vnc-connections-over-ssh-howto.html" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">VNC client to connect to 127.0.0.1:5900</a>. Now, just follow on-screen instructions:</div>
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<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/kvmvirtualization-virt-install-openbsd-unix-guest/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="Fig.01: OpenBSD installation started over the VNC session" class="" src="http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/faq/2010/07/kvm-virtulization-openbsd-guest-installation.png" height="343" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="599" /></a><br />
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Fig.01: OpenBSD installation started over the VNC session</div>
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</div>
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Before rebooting the installer make sure you setup com0 console for the VM. For example, for a OpenBSD VM, append the following parameters to the <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/openbsd-connect-serial-console/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">file /etc/boot.conf and then reboot the VM</a>:<br />
<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">stty com0 115200<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />set tty com0</kbd></div>
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See <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-setup-vnc-server-ssh-client-tunnel-via-internet/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">how to stup SSH to tunnel VNC traffic though the Internets</a> for more information.</div>
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How do I start my VM after OpenBSD install is finished?</h3>
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The virt-install will create a config file for VM at /etc/libvirt/qemu/obsd-vm1.xml. To start VM called obsd-vm1, enter:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># virsh start obsd-vm1</code></div>
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How do I access a VMs console?</h3>
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Login to KVM host and type the following command:<br />
<code style="background: none 0px 0px repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); display: block; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px 0px 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># virsh console obsd-vm1</code><br />
Sample outputs:</div>
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<a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/openbsd-connect-serial-console/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><img alt="Fig.02: Getting access to a OpenBSD VM console when networking is down" class="" src="http://s0.cyberciti.org/images/faq/2013/11/getting-access-to-vms-console.png" height="415" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="596" /></a><br />
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Fig.02: Getting access to a OpenBSD VM console when networking is down</div>
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Final example: Create RHEL VM using DVD</h3>
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Type the following command:</div>
<pre style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); clear: both; color: #111111; font-family: Consolas, 'Andale Mono', Monaco, Courier, 'Courier New', Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.833em; overflow: auto; padding: 0.667em 0.917em;"># virt-install \
--name RHEL-vm1 \
--description "cyberciti.biz RHEL 6.4 64 bit VM1" \
--ram=2048 \
--vcpus=2 \
--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/rhel-vm1-cyberciti.biz.img,size=20 \
--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/boot/RHEL.6.4.Server-DVD1.iso \
--network bridge:br0 --network bridge:br1 \
--graphics vnc</pre>
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Before rebooting the installer make sure you setup com0 console for the VM. For example, for a RHEL/CentOS VM, append the following parameters to the <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-serial-console-howto/" style="color: #2361a1; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">kernel boot line in /boot/grub.conf file and then reboot the VM</a>:<br />
<kbd style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">console=tty0 console=ttyS1,19200n8</kbd></div>
<br />
Source <a href="http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/kvm-virtualization-in-redhat-centos-scientific-linux-6/" target="_blank">Cyberciti</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-33008624760053344602014-10-17T15:25:00.003+08:002014-10-17T16:19:13.563+08:00Write Your Next Program on Linux<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiniAhJtH-sQZZdGMJ7Egii4DU9wcOIiMmITrX_hO10GJAAEt_79tDtyDeJpggRcMHXr0f5xUCqeya3blhfOMTeG9j5DjJhnOIHUCeyyq6vU1hFNunHCNT-_GHcfltl8FqxZOKH9lPZ8CNC/s1600/programming-in-linux-590x444.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiniAhJtH-sQZZdGMJ7Egii4DU9wcOIiMmITrX_hO10GJAAEt_79tDtyDeJpggRcMHXr0f5xUCqeya3blhfOMTeG9j5DjJhnOIHUCeyyq6vU1hFNunHCNT-_GHcfltl8FqxZOKH9lPZ8CNC/s1600/programming-in-linux-590x444.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="introduction" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 88, 0); border-bottom-style: double; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; color: #323232; font-family: Georgia; font-style: italic; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 10px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Quite a few colleges and schools still teach C/C++/Java programming on Windows — and even worse, on DOS (using Turbo C/C++)! GNU/Linux provides a first class operating system, replete with support for dozens of different programming languages, besides outstanding support for C, C++ and Java. And not only is it free of cost, but it comes with the freedom to modify, share, and extend the IDEs and toolchains! So why on earth do people continue to use outdated and painfully inefficient operating systems or developer tools? This article dispels the myth that Linux is “difficult”, and shows how simple it is to get started with programming on Linux!</div>
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<br />
<a name='more'></a>Through this article, I want to ask people to start programming on the GNU/Linux operating system (from here on, referred to as just ‘Linux’). Students who are just getting started in programming; educators who teach or have a role in teaching programming to new students; hobbyists who program on Windows — I’m asking all of you to please read on and give Linux a real good try for at least a week. If you agree that programming on Linux is indeed a better experience than your previous platform, then stay with it, and enjoy the freedom that the rest of us do!</div>
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Just to clear any misunderstandings, I am not aiming to get you to write code for the Linux kernel itself (though that could well follow as your comfort and programming proficiency grow). Instead, I’m talking about writing user-space programs — including the exercises, homework, and project work that most computer-science study courses include. Before we start, here’s a disclaimer: this article contains strong personal opinions and beliefs; I do not in any way intend to be offensive, but some of these ideas just might be worth a try — by you — to see if you feel the same way!</div>
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Attacking the mindset</h2>
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It’s commonly believed that Linux is ‘tough to use’. Sure, it’s different from what people who’re used to Windows are accustomed to — but it’s not tough. Once you adjust to the differences, you’ll probably laugh at this misconception yourself, and tell others how wrong their perception is!</div>
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Just consider the many computer science students who’ve been inspired by the buzz that Linux has been creating over a long time now. They have resolutely set about learning how to use it on their own initiative — asking questions on mailing lists, forums and over IRC channels. Within a couple of weeks, they are ready to do more than just get around. Often, within a month, they’re so much at home with Linux that they begin introducing others to the OS. Astounding? It may seem so — but it’s just that those students were determined to explore and learn, and ignored the cries of, “It’s tough.”</div>
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There is always a learning curve involved whenever one is acquiring a new skill, and Linux is no exception. If students are taught to use and program on Linux, they will not just learn, but will also find it simple. It would just seem natural to them — learning something that they did not know earlier. “Linux is tough” is a modern-day myth that has to be busted. If you are an educator, please do your bit. You are the one that students look up to, and if you show them the right way, they will follow your example.</div>
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Getting Linux up and running</h2>
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Okay, once you have decided to use Linux, how do you go about it? You may have heard of lots of different Linux “distros” (also called distributions): Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian and more. Why so many “Linuxes”? Let me explain. Technically, “Linux” is the name of a kernel (for more information, refer to this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wikipedia article</a>, or the <a href="http://www.kernel.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">official home of Linux</a>). Since a kernel is of little use on its own, user-space tools from the GNU project (including the most common implementation of the C library, a popular shell, and many common UNIX tools that carry out many basic operating system tasks) were combined with the Linux kernel to make a usable operating system. The graphical user interface (or GUI) used by most Linux systems is built on top of an implementation of the X Window System. Different free software projects and vendors build different combinations of packages and features, to provide varying Linux experiences to different target audiences — thus resulting in myriad Linux distributions.</div>
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So which Linux distribution should you use? <a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ubuntu</a> and <a href="http://www.fedoraproject.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fedora</a> both have individually made the Linux experience very user-friendly for casual users of the computer — for Internet surfing, e-mail and document processing needs. Either of these is ideal for you to get started with.</div>
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Linux installation can be somewhat tricky, though, especially if you intend to set up a dual-boot system where you can boot either Linux or your old Windows. Otherwise, it’s quite simple: download the CD (ISO) image, burn it to a disc, boot your computer from it, and let it install! The best way to do a dual-boot set-up the first time is to get hold of someone in your school, locality or office who knows about it, and ask them to guide you.</div>
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Also, there are other options if you want to try Linux either without installing it, without replacing Windows or doing a dual-boot set-up. See the <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dealing with practicalities</em> section towards the end of this article, for some of these ideas.</div>
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The <a href="http://www.linuxnewbieguide.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ultimate Linux Newbie Guide</a> is a good reference to help you learn things yourself. With Linux, an experimental approach to learning helps a lot. So, back up your data, and get started with those install discs if you can’t find anyone to help you out. These days, most Linux distributions come with just the essential applications and libraries installed — which probably won’t be sufficient for programming needs.</div>
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To enable easy installation of new software, most distributions have a package manager (in the Linux world, software is distributed in the form of “packages”), which you use to easily download and install new software from the Internet. The <a href="http://www.linuxnewbieguide.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ultimate Linux Newbie Guide</a> is a good reference for this topic.</div>
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So that this article will be of maximum utility, I will try to be more general, and avoid favouring any particular distribution.</div>
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Choosing a text editor</h2>
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We won’t be using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE), at least, initially. We will just do it the simple way: write code using a text editor, save it, and compile/interpret it using an appropriate compiler/interpreter. In the Linux world, you have a plethora of text editors to choose from. One of the editors, such as gedit or kwrite, will definitely be installed when you install Linux — you can use either. If you install a distribution like Ubuntu, which has the GNOME desktop environment, then you will have gedit already installed. It’s just like Notepad, only more useful and feature-rich.</div>
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C/C++ programming on Linux</h2>
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C is usually the first language taught to many students in Indian engineering schools and colleges, so let’s first look at how we program in C on Linux. Note that the C code that you will write on Linux will be the same that you would write on Windows/DOS, as long as you are writing ANSI C code. Some library functions, such as those provided by <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conio.h</code> and <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">graphics.h</code>, are not part of the ANSI standard. Hence, you won’t be able to use them on Linux.</div>
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The C compiler you use on Linux is GCC. It is part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">GNU Compiler Collection</a>. Open a terminal and run the command: <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gcc</code>. If you see something like the following output, it means GCC is already installed.</div>
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<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">gcc: no input files</code></div>
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However, if you see something like “Command not found”, then you will have to install GCC using the package manager.</div>
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Besides a compiler, you will also need the C standard library, called <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">glibc</code>, to compile your C programs correctly. Type in locate <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">glibc</code> and check the output. If it shows directory structures of the form <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/foo/bar/glibc</code> or the like, then you have <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">glibc</code> installed; else you need to install it.</div>
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Okay, now that we have confirmed the presence of a text editor, a compiler and the standard library, let us write our first code in C on Linux. For the purpose of this article, let’s create a sub-directory called ‘codes’ under your ‘home’ directory, in which we will store all our source code.</div>
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Start up gedit and input this simple C code to print the factorial of a number:</div>
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11</div>
</td><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 568px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c preprocessor" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">#include<stdio.h></code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main(</code><code class="c color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">argc, </code><code class="c color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">char</code> <code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">**argv)</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">n, i,fact=1;</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c functions bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">printf</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="c string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Enter a number for which you want to find the factorial:: "</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">);</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c functions bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">scanf</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="c string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"%d"</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">, &n);</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">for</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(i=1;i<=n;i++)</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">fact=fact*i;</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c functions bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(255, 20, 147) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">printf</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="c string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Factorial of %d is :: %dn"</code><code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">, n,fact);</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="c keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">return</code> <code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0;</code></div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="c plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
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<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Save this code in the codes sub-directory with the name <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">fact.c</code>. Launch your shell program (terminal), and run <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cd codes</code> to go to this directory. Once you are there, issue the following command:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_308330" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">gcc factorial.c</code></div>
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<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
After executing the command, run <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ls</code> and you will see an <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a.out</code> file in the current directory. This is the executable file of your C program, compiled and linked with the appropriate libraries. To execute it, run (note the leading <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">./</code>, which is essential!):</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_945098" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">./a.out</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Enter a number for which you want to find the factorial:: 5</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Factorial of 5 is :: 120</code></div>
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Congratulations, you have just written your first C program on Linux! That was just the normal C that you write on DOS or Windows — no surprises there! A bit more about this <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">a.out</code> file: This is the Linux equivalent of the .exe file that you would see under DOS/Windows; it is the executable form of your code. As you might have already guessed, this file cannot be executed on DOS or Windows, since it is in a different format.</div>
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Now, instead of having to rename your executable file each time you compile, you can specify the output file name to the compiler:</div>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_598917" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
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<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">gcc -o factorial factorial.c</code></div>
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Try a few more programs from your C programming and data structures classes.</div>
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<em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The C Programming Language</em> is a well-known programming book by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, which teaches you C programming with a strong Linux flavour. It would be a good idea to try the examples and exercise programs from this book to get a flavour of C programming on Linux.</div>
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Let’s now write our first C++ program on Linux. The cycle of coding, compilation and execution is very similar to that for C, except for the compiler we use, which is <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">g++</code>. Check if it’s already installed by running the command in a terminal, like we did for <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gcc</code>. Next, use your package manager to check if <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">libstdc++</code>, the standard C++ library, is installed (if not, install it). Once both are installed, open up gedit and type this simple C++ program:</div>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter notranslate cpp" id="highlighter_99719" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="gutter" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
10</div>
</td><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 568px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">#include<iostream></code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">#include<string></code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">using</code> <code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">namespace</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">std;</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">argc, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">char</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">**argv)</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">string s1=</code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Hello"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">string s2=</code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"World"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">cout <<s1+</code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">" "</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">+ s2 << </code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"n"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">return</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0;</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
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</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Save this file as <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">string-demo.cxx</code> in the codes subdirectory.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Compile and execute the file:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_280871" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">g++ -o string-demo string-demo.cxx</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">./string-demo</code></div>
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<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Running the above command should output the following on the terminal:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_338465" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Hello World</code></div>
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</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
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The C++ code you see is standard C++, with the <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.h</code> omitted from the header files. C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.C</code>, <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.cc</code>, <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.cpp</code>, <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.c++</code>, <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.cp</code>, or <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.cxx</code>.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Let us now write a simple C++ program that uses classes:</div>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter notranslate cpp" id="highlighter_670188" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="gutter" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
10</div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
11</div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
12</div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
13</div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
14</div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
15</div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
16</div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
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<div class="line number18 index17 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
18</div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
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<div class="line number20 index19 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
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<div class="line number21 index20 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
21</div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
22</div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
23</div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
24</div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
25</div>
</td><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 568px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp preprocessor" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">#include<iostream></code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">using</code> <code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">namespace</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">std;</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">class</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Circle{</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">float</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">r;</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">:</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">init(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">float</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">x) </code><code class="cpp comments" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 130, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">/* Inline function */</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">r = x;</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">float</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">area();</code></div>
<div class="line number11 index10 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">};</code></div>
<div class="line number12 index11 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">float</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Circle::area()</code></div>
<div class="line number13 index12 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></div>
<div class="line number14 index13 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">return</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">3.14*r*r;</code></div>
<div class="line number15 index14 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
<div class="line number16 index15 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main(</code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">argc, </code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">char</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">**argv)</code></div>
<div class="line number17 index16 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">{</code></div>
<div class="line number18 index17 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp color1 bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: gray !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">float</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">radius;</code></div>
<div class="line number19 index18 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Circle circle;</code></div>
<div class="line number20 index19 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">cout << </code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Enter the radius of the circle:: "</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;</code></div>
<div class="line number21 index20 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">cin >> radius;</code></div>
<div class="line number22 index21 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">circle.init(radius);</code></div>
<div class="line number23 index22 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">cout << </code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Area of the Circle:: "</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><<circle.area()<<</code><code class="cpp string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"n"</code><code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;</code></div>
<div class="line number24 index23 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="cpp keyword bold" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">return</code> <code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0;</code></div>
<div class="line number25 index24 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="cpp plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Save the file in the codes sub-directory as <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">class-demo.cxx</code>.<br />
Compile and execute it:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_316788" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">g++ -o class-demo class-demo.cxx</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">./class-demo</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Enter the radius of the circle:: 4</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Area of the Circle:: 50.24</code></div>
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</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Assuming that you have been able to compile these programs successfully, I would now recommend you go ahead and write, compile and test some of your C/C++ assignments and problems using gcc and g++. If you face any issues, you are most welcome to ping me.</div>
<h2 style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 26px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Java programming on Linux</h2>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Java is perhaps the next most widely taught language in Indian schools and colleges after C/C++. The best part of Java programming on Linux is that you use the same tools that you would use on Windows — yes, the Sun Java Development Kit.</div>
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To install the JDK on Linux, download the installer for Linux from its <a href="http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/widget/jdk6.jsp" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">official website</a>.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Choose the <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.bin</code> file, and not the <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">*rpm.bin</code> file, unless you know what you are doing. (The <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.bin</code> file is the equivalent of <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.exe</code> on Windows). Once the download is complete, in your terminal, <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cd</code> to the directory where the file has been downloaded, and use the following commands:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_848868" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">chmod +x jdk-6u18-linux-i586.bin</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">./jdk-6u18-linux-i586.bin</code></div>
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The file names above might differ depending on the JDK version that you have downloaded. The first line makes the installer executable, and the second line executes it. The installer should start now, and you should see the “Sun Microsystems, Inc. Binary Code License Agreement”.</div>
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Accept the licence, and the extraction of the JDK should start. Once the installer has exited, you should see a new sub-directory named ‘jdk1.6.0_18’ inside the current directory. If you are familiar with Java programming on Windows, this should be easily recognisable. Inside this directory is the bin sub-directory, which has the Java compiler (<code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">javac</code>), Java interpreter (<code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">java</code>), and others.</div>
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With this, we are all set; let’s write our first Java program on Linux. Fire up gedit and write the following Java code, which shows the usage of an array of integers:</div>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter notranslate java" id="highlighter_338069" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="gutter" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(175, 175, 175) !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
1</div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
2</div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
3</div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
4</div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
5</div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
6</div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
7</div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
8</div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
9</div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-right-color: rgb(108, 226, 108) !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-width: 0px 3px 0px 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; text-align: right !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
10</div>
</td><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 568px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">import</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">java.util.Random;</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">class</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">ArrayDemo {</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">public</code> <code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">static</code> <code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">void</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">main(String[] args) {</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">[] arr = </code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">new</code> <code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">[</code><code class="java value" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">10</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">];</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">for</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">i=</code><code class="java value" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;i<</code><code class="java value" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">10</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;i++)</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">arr[i] = (</code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">new</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Random()).nextInt();</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">for</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">(</code><code class="java keyword" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 102, 153) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-weight: bold !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">int</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">i=</code><code class="java value" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">0</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;i<</code><code class="java value" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: rgb(0, 153, 0) !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">10</code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">;i++)</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">System.out.println(</code><code class="java string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"Element at index "</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">+ i + </code><code class="java string" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: blue !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">"is::"</code> <code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">+ arr[i]);</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java spaces" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; color: #054e76; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"> </code><code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="java plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">}</code></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Save the code to a file <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ArrayDemo.java</code>, then compile and run it as follows:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_579140" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><tbody style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">/home/amit/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/javac ArrayDemo.java</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">/home/amit/jdk1.6.0_18/bin/java ArrayDemo</code></div>
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</td></tr>
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</div>
</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Note the first two commands, where I have given the full path to the location of the javac and java executables. Depending on where you have extracted the JDK, your path will vary.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Running the second command should output the following in your terminal:</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter notranslate text" id="highlighter_574761" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; font-size: 12px !important; margin: 1em 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-x: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; padding: 1px !important; position: relative !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 603.890625px;">
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<tr style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;"><td class="code" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: 603px;"><div class="container" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">
<div class="line number1 index0 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 0is:: 480763582</code></div>
<div class="line number2 index1 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 1is:: -1644219394</code></div>
<div class="line number3 index2 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 2is:: -67518401</code></div>
<div class="line number4 index3 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 3is:: 619258385</code></div>
<div class="line number5 index4 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 4is:: 810878662</code></div>
<div class="line number6 index5 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 5is:: 1055578962</code></div>
<div class="line number7 index6 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 6is:: 1754667714</code></div>
<div class="line number8 index7 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 7is:: 503295725</code></div>
<div class="line number9 index8 alt2" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 8is:: 1129666934</code></div>
<div class="line number10 index9 alt1" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px 1em 0px 3px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; white-space: pre !important; width: auto !important;">
<code class="text plain" style="background: none !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; float: none !important; font-family: Consolas, 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.1em !important; margin: 0px !important; min-height: inherit !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important;">Element at index 9is:: 1084281888</code></div>
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</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
So, this is how you can compile, run, test and debug your Java programs.</div>
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OpenJDK</h2>
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An article about Java programming in an open source magazine would be incomplete without talking about <a href="http://openjdk.java.net/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OpenJDK</a>. It’s good for you to be aware of this project. As you might have already guessed, it is a GPL-licensed open source implementation of the Java Standard Edition — i.e., the source code of the JDK that you are so familiar with, is also now available for your scrutiny, in case you don’t like something in the current JDK.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #323232; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
So, is this a different Java? No — you write the same Java code. You can install OpenJDK from your Linux distribution’s package manager (it may come pre-installed with some distributions). Installation instructions are available <a href="http://openjdk.java.net/install/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">here</a>.</div>
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Dealing with practicalities</h2>
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Due to various reasons, deploying Linux lab-wide may not always be possible. In such cases, it’s a good idea to have a single Linux machine in the lab, acting as an SSH server; you can install the necessary SSH client software on other operating systems, which will enable connecting to the Linux machine remotely.</div>
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This machine should be of a relatively good configuration, depending on how many students will be using it for their coding and compilation — a dual- or quad-core CPU with 4 GB of RAM and a hard disk of at least 320 GB is a good idea. For Windows, <a href="http://chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Putty</a> is a widely used SSH client. If writing the code on Windows and copying it to the Linux machine to compile and run, you will also need to download the <code style="background: rgb(237, 247, 255); border: 0px; color: #054e76; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">pscp</code> program from the site, which lets you copy files from the local machine to the Linux SSH server.</div>
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If you need a GUI session from the Linux server to be accessible on the Windows machine (for example, while doing GUI programming) then investigate the OpenNX server (to be installed on the Linux server machine) and the NoMachine NX client for Windows. A machine with the configuration given above should support around 10 user sessions before it starts slowing down. Fine-tuning the desktop manager (use a light one like LXDE or XFCE) and using lighter editors like GVim for writing code, is a good start.</div>
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Another option (which does not need a dedicated Linux server machine) is to install Linux in a virtual machine on your desktop. This could also prove useful on a home computer. <a href="http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VirtualBox</a> is virtualisation software that, when installed on your Windows system, will allow you to create a virtual machine, inside which you can install Linux without disrupting your Windows installation. You will, of course, need some free disk space (8 GB or more) for the virtual machine’s disk file. You don’t need to burn the Linux installation ISO onto a CD in this case — you can simply instruct VirtualBox to use the ISO image file as a disc inserted in the CD-ROM drive of the virtual machine.</div>
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This is also a good way to practice installing Linux, and to see how easy it can be. For Ubuntu, in particular, there is <a href="http://wubi.sourceforge.net/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wubi</a> which lets you install (and uninstall) Ubuntu like any other Windows application, in a simple and safe way, “with a single click”. The Ubuntu files are stored in a single folder in your Windows drive, and an option to boot Ubuntu is added to your Windows boot-loader menu.</div>
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However, hard-disk access is slightly slower than installation to a dedicated partition. If your Windows drive is very fragmented, the performance will degenerate further. Hibernation is not supported under Wubi. Moreover, the Wubi filesystem is more vulnerable to hard reboots (turning off the power) and power failures than a normal installation to a dedicated partition, which provides a more robust filesystem that can better tolerate such events.</div>
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In general, programming on Linux will also require a decent level of familiarity regarding working with shell commands. Get familiar with working with the shell. Try to minimise the use of the mouse :-)</div>
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Using your favourite IDE on Linux</h2>
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If you have been using any IDEs for your development needs, it should be great news that two very popular IDEs — NetBeans and Eclipse — have Linux versions as well, and both of them support C, C++ and Java development. For GNOME-based Linux distributions, <a href="http://projects.gnome.org/anjuta/features.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Anjuta DevStudio</a>is another powerful IDE for C, C++ and Java (and other languages too). All three should be available in your distribution’s package manager.</div>
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To conclude this article, I would like to urge you to make an honest effort to embrace Linux for programming. It’s a much better world to be in. I would love to address any queries/concerns/comments/suggestions that you may have, regarding this article.</div>
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Resources</h5>
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<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="broken_link" href="http://zaher14.blogspot.com/2007/01/graphicsh-in-linux.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">graphics.h like functionality using GCC</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">GNU Compiler Collection</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The C Programming Language</em></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bjarne Stroustrup, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The C++ Programming Language</em></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neil Matthew, Richard Stones, <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Beginning Linux Programming</em></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">StackOverflow</a> is a community forum where you can post your programming-related questions. It’s languageneutral, which makes it very attractive.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://polydistortion.net/doc/ssh.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A basic introduction to SSH</a></li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.virtualbox.org/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">VirtualBox</a>. <a href="http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">User Manual</a>.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 3px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.yolinux.com/" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #007ac9; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">yolinux.com</a> is a good resource for general Linux information.</li>
</ul>
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<br />
Source <a href="http://www.opensourceforu.com/2010/05/write-your-next-program-on-linux/" target="_blank">Open Source ForU</a>.<br />
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<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-88965854602108744682014-10-17T12:16:00.004+08:002014-10-17T16:20:23.136+08:00Setting up a new Windows VS MAC VS LinuxSetting up a new Windows VS MAC VS Linux<br />
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<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-787965928322953552014-10-17T12:09:00.002+08:002014-10-17T16:20:31.013+08:00Installing and Configuring Oracle Database 11g on the Linux Platform<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Introduction</span></b></div>
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This paper will walk you through the steps of installing Oracle Database 11g release 2 (Oracle version 11.2.0) in a Linux environment. About 90% of the material presented here applies to other platforms as well. Everything you read in this paper is hands on, roll-up-your-sleeves-and-get-busy material for Oracle users who want to get an<a href="http://www.dbspecialists.com/consulting.html" name="Oracle Database Services" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_self">Oracle database</a> up and running quickly without reading hundreds of pages of documentation and “readme” files.</div>
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These steps are meant to get you up and running as fast as possible, while leveraging best practices in order to set up a scalable, robust database environment that offers high performance. In order to keep the steps reasonably simple this paper does not cover Real Application Clusters (RAC), nor does it cover Oracle Internet Directory (OID), Automatic Storage Management (ASM), or Grid Control.</div>
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In this paper we will install the 11.2.0.1 release of Oracle Database 11g. This is the base distribution of Oracle Database 11g release 2. Be sure to check Oracle Support’s Metalink at <a href="http://metalink.oracle.com/" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://metalink.oracle.com</a> to see if a newer patch set has been released since this paper was published. You will need a valid Customer Service Identifier (CSI) number in order to access the Metalink website.</div>
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We ran our Oracle installations on servers equipped with Intel Xeon processors running Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 5 (Tikanga), update 4 (x86_64). Oracle Database 11g is supported on other processor architectures and Linux distributions as well. Note that with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the ES and AS varieties are supported while WS is not.</div>
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There are four phases to getting Oracle up and running on your server:</div>
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<li><a href="file:///C:/Users/gsadler/Documents/DSI%20Docs/Sys%20Admin/Website/oracle11glinux.html#prepare" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;">Prepare the server</a></li>
<li><a href="file:///C:/Users/gsadler/Documents/DSI%20Docs/Sys%20Admin/Website/oracle11glinux.html#install" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;">Install the Oracle software and latest patch set</a></li>
<li><a href="file:///C:/Users/gsadler/Documents/DSI%20Docs/Sys%20Admin/Website/oracle11glinux.html#createdb" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;">Create a database</a></li>
<li><a href="file:///C:/Users/gsadler/Documents/DSI%20Docs/Sys%20Admin/Website/oracle11glinux.html#complete" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;">Complete the server configuration</a></li>
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We will walk through these phases one at a time, detailing all the steps involved. The end result will be a very usable database that can be scaled up quite large, and an Oracle installation that follows industry-recognized best practices. Of course, every implementation is unique, and you will need to evaluate each step carefully against your particular requirements. However, this paper will get you off to a very solid start.</div>
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The author wishes to acknowledge that this paper draws heavily from the previous Database Specialists, Inc. paper "Installing and Configuring Oracle Database 10g on the Linux Platform" by Roger Schrag - thanks Roger!<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="prepare"></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Prepare the Server</span></b></div>
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These steps configure your database server so that it will be ready to accept the Oracle software and database. In this section, we will make sure your server meets Oracle’s minimum requirements, create a Linux user and group to “own” the software, and create some directories that will be used by the Oracle software and database. All of the steps in this section are run as the root user.</div>
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<li>Make sure that your hardware platform (processor architecture) is certified by Oracle Corporation for use with Oracle Database 11g release 2, and that you have acquired the correct distribution of Oracle software for your hardware platform. As of May 2010, the supported hardware platforms for Oracle on Linux are as follows:<br />
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><th>Supported Hardware Platforms for Oracle Database 11g release 2</th></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">x86 (Intel and AMD processor chips that adhere to the x86 32-bit architecture)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">x86-64 (AMD64/EM64T and Intel processor chips that adhere to the x86-64 architecture)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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The following commands can be used to identify the processor architecture on your database server:<br />
<pre> $ uname -m
$ grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo</pre>
</li>
<li>Make sure that your Linux distribution is certified by Oracle Corporation for use with Oracle Database 11g release 2. Note that certifications vary by hardware platform. As of May 2010, the supported Linux distributions are as follows:<br />
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><th>Supported Linux Distributions for Oracle Database 11g release 2</th></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 update 2, kernel 2.6.18-92 or higher</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 update 7</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 5 update 2 or later</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 4 update 7 or later</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11.0, kernel 2.6.27.19-5 or higher</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0 with SP2 or later, kernel 2.6.16.21-0.8 or higher</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Asianux 3.0</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Asianux 2.0 (update 7 required for x86)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Be sure to check Oracle Support’s Metalink for the latest certification information, because it is quite possible that Oracle Database 11g release 2 has been certified with additional Linux distributions or hardware platforms since this paper was written.<br />
On systems running Red Hat distributions of Linux, you can use the following command to determine exactly which version and update of Red Hat you are using:<br />
<pre> $ cat /etc/redhat-release</pre>
</li>
<li>Make sure that all of the required operating system packages have been installed on the database server. Which packages and versions are required will vary depending on your Linux distribution and hardware platform. The package version specified is typically a minimum, meaning that newer versions of the package are usually acceptable.<br />
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4<br />Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 and Asianux 2.0<br />(x86 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.15.92.0.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-33.2.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-0.97</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.3.4-2.41</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-common-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-headers-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.105</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.105</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.80</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">pdksh-5.2.14</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-5.0.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-2.2.11</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-devel-2.2.11</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"> </td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5<br />Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 and Asianux 3.0<br />(x86 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.17.50.0.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-0.125</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.5-24</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-common-2.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-headers-2.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">kernel-headers-2.6.18</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-20060214</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.106</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.106</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgomp-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel 4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.81</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-7.0.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-2.2.11</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-devel-2.2.11</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4<br />Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 and Asianux 2.0<br />(x86-64 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.15.92.0.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-0.97</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">expat-1.95.7</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-common-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-headers-2.3.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.105 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.105 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-3.4.6 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-3.4.6 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel 3.4.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.80</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">pdksh-5.2.14</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-5.0.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-2.2.11 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"> </td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5<br />Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 and Asianux 3.0<br />(x86-64 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.17.50.0.6</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-0.125</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.5-24 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-common-2.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.5 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-headers-2.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-20060214</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.106 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.106 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-4.1.2 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-4.1.2 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel 4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.81</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-7.0.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-2.2.11 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (both 32 and 64 bit required)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0<br />(x86 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.16.91.0.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-5.0.7</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.5-24</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-93r-12.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libelf-0.8.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.80</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-8.0.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">cvudisk-1.0.2-1 (from the 11gR2 Clusterware disk)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-2.2.11 (if intending to use ODBC)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (if intending to use ODBC)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"> </td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11.0<br />(x86 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.19</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc43-4.3.3_20081022-11.18</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc43-c++-4.3.3_20081022-11.18</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-93t</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++33-3.3.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">linux-kernel-headers-2.6.27-2.22</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.81</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-8.1.5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0<br />(x86-64 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.16.91.0.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">compat-libstdc++-5.0.7</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.1.0</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.5-24</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-32bit-2.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-93r-12.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-32bit-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libelf-0.8.5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel-4.1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.80</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-8.0.4</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"> </td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><b>Required Packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11.0<br />(x86-64 Hardware Platform)</b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">binutils-2.19</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-32bit-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">gcc-c++-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-2.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-32bit-2.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-2.9</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">glibc-devel-32bit-2.4</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ksh-93t</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-32bit-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++33-3.3.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">libstdc++-devel-4.3</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">make-3.81</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">sysstat-8.1.5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Notes</b>: elfutils-libelf-devel has a mutual dependency with elfutils-libelf-devel-static so they must both be installed with a single rpm command e.g. (for x86-64)<br />
<pre>rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm \
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
</pre>
Also some of these packages also have pre-reqs e.g. glibc-headers requires glibc-kernheaders, gcc (x86_64) requires libgomp, glibc-headers (x86_84) required kernel-headers (x86_64), etc.You can use the following command to verify that a package has been installed:<br />
<pre>$ rpm -q <package name=""></package></pre>
The following command will verify all of the packages required on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (x86_86) systems:<br />
<pre>$ rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel \
gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh \
libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++- libstdc++-devel make \
sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel</pre>
Note that in the cases where both the 32 bit and 64 bit architecture of an RPM are required you should see the same package twice in the output. You can confirm that both have been installed with a command similar to the following:<br />
<pre>$ rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep libaio</pre>
</li>
<li>You will need to perform the Oracle installation from an X window environment—you cannot use a character mode environment such as an SSH or telnet session. There is a facility for performing non-interactive installations (“silent” installs), but we won’t be covering that technique here. Your X environment can be the console on the database server, but it does not need to be. You can also use a Windows X emulator like Cygwin. If the database server is in a remote location, you can use SSH to securely forward X traffic from the database server back to your desktop. You can also use VNC to install remotely. We have run installations from a Windows desktop using both Cygwin and VNC and have had no problems with either. Over slow networks, VNC seems to be faster than X.</li>
<li>Make sure that your hardware is sufficient. You’ll need at least 1024 Mb RAM, a swap space at least the size of physical memory (or 1.5 times the amount of physical memory if you have 2 Gb or less of RAM), and a bare minimum of 6.5 Gb of disk space. This will let you perform a “typical” Enterprise or Standard Edition software installation from CD or DVD and create a starter database. If you will be downloading the Oracle software from Oracle Technology Network at <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.oracle.com/technology</a>, you will need about 1.4 Gb of additional disk space to download and unpack the Oracle software. A production implementation typically requires more RAM and more disk space than the minimums listed here. The following commands will allow you to check physical memory and swap space:<pre> $ grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
$ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo</pre>
</li>
<li>The Oracle installer will need access to a directory with at least 1 Gb of free space for writing temporary files during installation. Usually /tmp serves this purpose. If /tmp on your database server has less than 1 Gb of free space, then you will need to locate another directory with sufficient free space for use during the installation. You can point at this other directory by setting the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables in the oracle user's environment</li>
<li>Make sure that the Linux kernel on the database server has parameters set sufficiently high for Oracle. The Oracle architecture makes extensive use of shared memory segments for sharing data among multiple processes and semaphores for handling locking. Many operating systems, including Linux, do not by default offer sufficient shared memory or semaphores for optimal Oracle performance. Thankfully, you can change kernel parameters in Linux simply by editing the /etc/sysctl.conf file and rebooting the server. The following script will show the current settings of the Linux kernel parameters relevant to Oracle:<pre> K="/tmp/kernelparams$"
/sbin/sysctl -a > $K 2> /dev/null
grep aio-max-nr $K
grep kernel.shm $K
echo "`grep sem $K | tr '\t' ' '` # semmsl semmns semopm semmni"
grep file-max $K
grep ip_local_port_range $K | tr '\t' ' '
grep rmem_default $K
grep rmem_max $K
grep wmem_default $K
grep wmem_max $K
grep aio-max-nr $K
rm -f $K</pre>
The following table shows the purpose of each of these kernel parameters and a recommended setting to get you started:<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><th>Kernel<br />
Parameter</th><th>Setting To Get<br />
You Started</th><th>Purpose</th></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">aio-max-nr</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">1048576</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">The total number of concurrent outstanding I/O requests</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">shmmni</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">4096</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum number of shared memory segments</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">shmall</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">2097152</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum total shared memory (4 Kb pages)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">shmmax</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">4294967295</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum size of a single shared memory segment. Set to either (4GB -1) or 1/2 the size of physical memory (in bytes) whichever is lower</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">semmsl</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">250</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum number of semaphores per set</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">semmns</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">32000</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum number of semaphores</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">semopm</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">100</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum operations per semop call</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">semmni</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">128</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum number of semaphore sets</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">file-max</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">6815744</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum number of open files</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">ip_local_port_range</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">9000 - 65500</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Range of ports to use for client connections</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">rmem_default</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">262144</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Default TCP/IP receive window</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">rmem_max</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">4194304</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum TCP/IP receive window</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">wmem_default</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">262144</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum TCP/IP send window</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">wmem_max</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">1048576</td><td style="font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;">Maximum TCP/IP send window</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
These settings will be appropriate for most systems. If you decide to configure a very large buffer cache or library cache for your database down the road, or if you choose to run a large number of databases on one server, then you may need to increase the shmall setting and possibly the shmmax setting as well. In addition, if you configure your database to allow a large number of concurrent sessions without using Oracle's shared server architecture, then you may need to increase the semmsl and semmns settings as well.<br />
Note that these recommended settings assume you have no other applications running on the database server that use shared memory segments or semaphores. You can view current shared memory and semaphore usage on your system with the following command:<br />
<pre> $ ipcs </pre>
In general, if your Linux kernel already has any of these parameters set larger than recommended here, you should not reduce the settings.<br />
We added the following lines to the end of our /etc/sysctl.conf file:<br />
<pre> # Kernel parameter settings for Oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
</pre>
Depending upon your Linux version you can dynamically update the system values via the command<br />
<pre> $ /sbin/sysctl -p </pre>
or simply reboot the server for these parameters to take effect.If you are using SUSE Linux, then you must run the following command before rebooting the server to ensure that the /etc/sysctl.conf file will be read during reboot:<br />
<pre> $ /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on</pre>
</li>
<li>Create a Linux group that will be used by the Oracle software owner. You can call it anything you like, but the standard is “oinstall”. This group is often called the “Oracle Inventory” group. If you will be installing Oracle on multiple servers on your network, you might want to keep the groupid the same on all servers. You can create your oinstall group with a command like:<pre> $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall</pre>
If you are using SUSE Linux, then you must also enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group and add vm.hugetlb_shm_group to the /etc/sysctl.conf file. Doing this grants members of the oinstall group permission to create shared memory segments. For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501 (as above) enter<br />
<pre> $ echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetbl_shm_group</pre>
Add add the line<br />
<pre> vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501</pre>
to the /etc/sysctl.conf file.</li>
<li>Create a Linux group that will be used by Oracle database administrators. You can call it anything you like, but the standard is “dba”. Anybody who logs onto the database server with a Linux login that belongs to this group will be able to log onto all databases that run from this Oracle software installation with DBA privileges. If you will be installing Oracle on multiple servers on your network, you might want to keep the groupid the same on all servers. You can create your dba group with a command like:<pre> $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba</pre>
</li>
<li>Create a Linux user that will be the Oracle software owner. You can call it anything you like, but the standard is “oracle”. If you will be installing Oracle on multiple servers on your network, you might want to keep the userid the same on all servers. Note that this user’s home directory will not be the ORACLE_HOME or where the actual Oracle software is installed; this user’s home directory should be in the same place as other users’ home directories.The Oracle software owner should have the oinstall group as the primary group and the dba group as a secondary group. You can create your oracle user with commands like:<br />
<pre> $ /usr/sbin/useradd -c 'Oracle software owner' -d /home/oracle \
-g oinstall -G dba -m -u 501 -s /bin/bash oracle
$ passwd oracle</pre>
The useradd command shown here gives your oracle user the Bash shell. You could just as easily choose Korn or Bourne shell instead.</li>
<li>It is necessary to increase limits that the shell imposes on the oracle user for maximum number of open file descriptors and processes. Follow these steps to increase the limits:<br />
<ol type="a">
<li>Add the following lines in the /etc/security/limits.conf file:<pre> oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536</pre>
</li>
<li>Add the following lines to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if they are not already present:<pre> session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so</pre>
</li>
<li>Add the following lines in the /etc/profile file (or the /etc/profile.local file on SUSE systems) if the oracle user uses the Bash, Korn or Bourne shell:<pre> if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi</pre>
</li>
<li>If the oracle user uses the C shell, then add the following lines in the /etc/csh.login file (or the /etc/csh.login.local file on SUSE systems):<pre> if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
umask 022
endif</pre>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Create mount points for the Oracle software and the Oracle database. Each mount point should correspond to a separate physical device or set of devices. You’ll need at least one mount point. Typically you use one mount point for the Oracle software and one or more mount points for each database. One common convention is to call the mount points /u01, /u02, and so on. Because mount points are typically owned by root and the Oracle installer will run as the oracle user and not as root, you should create some subdirectories now to avoid permission problems later. Create an app/oracle subdirectory below the software mount point, and oradata subdirectories below the mount points to be used for database files. (You can put software and a database on the same mount point if you wish.) Make these subdirectories owned by the oracle user and oinstall group, and give them 775 permissions, except for the datafile directory, give this 750 permissions. You can use commands like:<pre> $ mkdir -p /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata
$ chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app /u01/app/oracle /u01/oradata
$ chmod 775 /u01/app /u01/app/oracle
$ chmod 750 /u01/oradata
</pre>
</li>
<li>If you downloaded the Oracle software Oracle Technology Network, then use unzip to unpack the distribution. If you have the software on CD or DVD, then mount the Oracle Database 11g release 2 media now.</li>
<li>As an optional step, it is suggested that you validate your configuration using the pre-install tests of Oracle's Remote Diagnostic Agent (rda.sh), you can find details of doing this in Metalink note 250262.1. The procedure is to download the latest version of rda.sh and run its pre-install checklist via the command<pre> cd <directory containing="" rda.sh=""></directory>
./rda.sh -T hcve
</pre>
then choose the appropriate option 'Oracle Database 11g R2 (11.2.0) Preinstall (Linux AMD64)' option. As of May 2010 the 11gR2 pre-install option does not exist for AMD64 but does exist for Linux-x86, we expect AMD64 support will be added shortly.</li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, arial, helvetica;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="install"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Install the Oracle Software and Latest Patch Set</span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
These steps install the Oracle software and latest patch set on your server. As of this writing, Oracle release 11.2.0.1.0 is the only version of Oracle Database 11g release 2 available for download from Oracle Technology Network or available on CD or DVD media. At some point in the future, Oracle will release latest patchsets (e.g. 11.2.0.2, 11.2.0.3, etc.) however the first such patchset has not yet been release. Therefore, we will install Oracle release 11.2.0.1.0. Once Oracle have released a patch set you should apply the patchset on top of the base 11.2.0.1.0 release. Before proceeding with the steps in this section, you should check Oracle Technology Network (<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.oracle.com/technology</a>) and Oracle Support’s Metalink (<a href="http://metalink.oracle.com/" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://metalink.oracle.com</a>) to see if any 11g release 2 patch sets are available.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
The Oracle Universal Installer will suggest creating a database at the same time that it installs the Oracle software. Although we do not have any latest patchsets to install, we will hold off on the database creation until a later step since that is the preferred sequence of events once a 11g release 2 patch set is eventually released.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
In this section, we will prepare the oracle user’s environment, run the Oracle Universal Installer and tidy up a few minor loose ends. All of the steps in this section, except where noted, are run as the oracle user.</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<li>Edit the oracle user’s login file on the database server so that the environment will be configured automatically on login. If you are using Bash shell, then edit .bash_profile. If you are using Bourne or Korn shell, then edit .profile. You can also use C shell and edit .cshrc, but the syntax will be different from the examples you see here. For now, we will hardcode certain things. But after we create a database, we will come back and eliminate all hard codings. Here is what we added to our .bash_profile for the install:<pre> #
# Substitute your Oracle software mount point in the line below.
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
#
# Ensure that ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN are not set.
unset ORACLE_HOME
unset TNS_ADMIN
#
# If your /tmp directory has less than 1 Gb free, then edit
# and uncomment the following three lines.
# TMP=/mount_point_with_1Gb_free
# TMPDIR=/same_mount_point
# export TMP TMPDIR
#
# The documentation does not mention how PATH should be set.
# The following PATH setting worked for us:
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin</pre>
</li>
<li>Log out and log back in as the oracle user from an X window so that the environment is set correctly. If you will be performing the installation from a PC or other workstation instead of using the database server’s console directly, you may wish to forward X window traffic over an SSH connection. This offers increased security (in the case of a public network) and convenience. If you will be performing the installation from a Windows PC, you can use PuTTY to forward your X window traffic by selecting the “Enable X11 forwarding” checkbox in PuTTY’s SSH Tunnels configuration screen. As an alternative to X, you may wish instead to start a VNC server on your database server by running the following command as the oracle user:<pre> $ /usr/bin/vncserver</pre>
With a VNC server running in this way, you can achieve an X environment by running a VNC viewer on your desktop workstation. You can shut down the VNC server by running the following command:<pre> $ /usr/bin/vncserver -kill :1</pre>
</li>
<li>Make sure your DISPLAY variable is set. If you are forwarding X window traffic over an SSH connection, using VNC, or working from the server’s console directly, the DISPLAY variable should already be set for you. If your DISPLAY variable has not been set already, then you will need to set it manually to the IP address of your X server plus the X server and screen numbers. You can set your DISPLAY variable with a command like:<pre> $ export DISPLAY=myworkstation:0.0</pre>
</li>
<li>If you had to set your DISPLAY variable manually in the previous step, then ensure that the X server on your workstation will allow your database server to open windows on your display. The easiest way to do this is to issue an xhost command from a session on your workstation. (Don’t get confused and issue the command in a window that is logged onto your database server.) You can issue a command like:<pre> $ xhost +mydatabaseserver</pre>
</li>
<li>Ensure that the mount point you plan to use for the Oracle software has sufficient free space. For a basic Enterprise Edition and patch set installation, allow 1.6 Gb for the software mount point as a bare minimum.</li>
<li>Double check that you are logged in as oracle and not root, and that the environment variables have been set by the login script you prepared earlier. Then change to your home directory and start the Oracle Universal Installer with a command like one of the following:<pre> $ <full dvd="" path="" to=""></full>/database/runInstaller</pre>
or<pre> $ <full cd="" path="" to=""></full>/runInstaller</pre>
We’ll walk through the installer prompts one at a time:<br />
<ol type="a">
<li>The Configure Security Updates window appears. If you wish to receive security updates via email then enter your email address and your Oracle support password. If not, deselect the checkbox. Click Next. If you deselected the checkbox hit 'Yes' when the popup warning that you have not provided an email address appears.</li>
<li>The Select Installation Option windows appears. Choose option 'Install database software only'. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Node Selection window appears. Choose Single instance database installation and then click Next.</li>
<li>When the Select Product Languages window appears move the desired languages into the right hand panel. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Select Database Edition window appears. We will perform a “typical” install to get a basic set of Oracle software installed. You can rerun the installer again later and choose Custom to install additional products individually. For now, choose Standard Edition or Enterprise Edition. The Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database 11g has some very sophisticated features missing from Standard Edition, and the opportunity to purchase additional options that might be valuable to a large enterprise. However, the Enterprise Edition is much more expensive than Standard Edition. It is very important that you choose the edition that matches your license, as this will be difficult to fix later. The Select Options button display 6 extra cost options that can only be licensed against the Enterprise Edition. Again your specific license agreement needs to be consulted here, it is recommended that you deselect the extra cost options that your have not purchased. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Specify Installation Location window appears. Oracle provides a suggested Oracle Base Path for the Oracle home (software installation) that is about to be created. You can name this Oracle home anything you like. Beginning in Oracle Database 11g the standard for Oracle home location has changed to /<mount-point>/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_<N>. In 10g the dbhome string was shortened to db. The naming convention, such as dbhome_1, dbhome_2 allows you to install multiple copies of the same Oracle version on one server in a standardized way. Note that we will refer back to this path frequently, calling it the Oracle home or simply $ORACLE_HOME. If you are planning to go with the path suggestion provided by Oracle, make sure there isn’t an extra occurrence of the “oracle” component in the path.When you are satisfied with the path of Oracle Base and the name and path for your Oracle home, click Next.</li>
<li>If you do not have at least 4,397MB of free disk space available in your $ORACLE_HOME you will get an error. Make sure you have enough free space available, otherwise you will not be able to proceed with the install.</li>
<li>If the Create Inventory window appears, set the inventory directory to the parent of the $ORACLE_BASE directory, remember you set the value of the $ORACLE_BASE environment variable in the login script. In the oraInventory Group Name field, select the oinstall group. Click Next. You won't see this window if you have previously installed Oracle software on this database server. Historically it was common to have the inventory directory located as $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory but in 11g Oracle are recommending against this configuration.</li>
<li>The Privileged Operating System Groups screen appears. Set the OSDBA Group to 'dba' and the OSOPER Group to 'oinstall'. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Prerequisite Checks will run, if they all pass then the installer will continue onto the Summary window. Obviously if you have failed any prerequisite checks you should resolve them before proceeding. Assuming you made it to the Summary window Click Finish.</li>
<li>During the installation an Execute Configuration Scripts window will appear. The installation will be paused at this point, waiting for you to run scripts as root. (The first time you install Oracle software on the database server there will be two scripts to run as root, while additional installations only require one script to be run as root.) You should open another window, log in to the database server as root, review the scripts to be run thoroughly, run the scripts, and click OK in the Execute Configuration Scripts window.</li>
<li>Once the root scripts have ran the installer will display the Finish window, click Close to end the installation.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>At this point we are ready to patch the Oracle software installation with the latest maintenance release available. Log onto Oracle Oracle Support’s Metalink (<a href="http://metalink.oracle.com/" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://metalink.oracle.com</a>) and download the latest patch set for Linux x86_64 or whichever processor architecture your database server uses. As of this writing, there are no patch sets available so we will skip this step, once a patch set becomes available we will update this document with the instructions for the patch set.<br />
</li>
<li>In addition to the latest maintenance release you should consider applying the latest 'Critical Patch Update (CPU)' which contains the latest security patches or the current 'Patch Set Update (PSU)' which contains Oracle's recommended bug fixes in addition to the latest security patches. These patches are released quarterly. Since the instructions may differ slightly from one patch to the next so we do not cover the specifics here. You can find the latest patch and its install instructions on Oracle Support site.</li>
<li>In $ORACLE_HOME/bin (the bin directory under your Oracle home) you will find a shell script called oraenv. This script can be called from .bash_profile or .profile to set up a user’s environment automatically whenever they log onto the database server. We will customize the oraenv script because there are a few variables that the script should set but doesn’t. Make a backup copy of the oraenv script and then edit it, adding the following lines to the very end:<pre> # Begin customizations
DBA=$ORACLE_BASE/admin
# Substitute the locale and character set you plan to use for your
# database in the line below. Nowadays the two main common choices are:
# NLS_LANG=american_america.WE8MSWIN1252 (11gR2 Unix default)
# NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8 (Unicode 5)
NLS_LANG=american_america.WE8MSWIN1252
export DBA NLS_LANG
# End customizations</pre>
You should set NLS_LANG to match the character set of the database you will create later. The Database Configuration Assistant (dbca) now offers two primary choices, the default character set for your platform based on the upon the language setting of your operating system (WE8MSWIN1252 in our install) and AL32UTF8 which corresponds to Unicode 5.0 in 11g. Oracle recommend using AL32UTF8 for the database character set e.g. see Metalink note 333489.1. You should carefully choose your character set as it is not easy to change after the database is created.<br />
</li>
<li>In the same directory you’ll also find a shell script called coraenv that can be called from .cshrc. If you use C shell, you will want to back up and edit coraenv with similar changes to the oraenv script.</li>
<li>The root.sh script copied oraenv and coraenv from $ORACLE_HOME/bin to the /usr/local/bin directory. You just updated these scripts in $ORACLE_HOME/bin. Copy the updated versions to the /usr/local/bin directory.</li>
</ol>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="createdb"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Create a Database</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
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These steps create an Oracle database. Everybody will have different needs for their database, but the steps here will yield a functional database that you can further tailor to your specific needs. In this section we will use the Database Configuration Assistant to create a database, adjust the database in order to better comply with industry-proven best practices, and configure Oracle Net. All of the steps in this section are run as the oracle user.</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<li>Set up your environment the same way you did when you ran the Oracle Universal Installer: Log in as the oracle user on the database server from an X window or VNC session, set your DISPLAY variable appropriately, and make sure that your ORACLE_BASE variable is set correctly based on your login file.</li>
<li>Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to point to your Oracle home with a command like:<pre> $ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1</pre>
</li>
<li>Choose a name for your Oracle instance, up to eight characters long. The instance name is easy to change at any time. However, you will want to keep the instance name the same as the database name in order to avoid confusion. Changing the database name later is possible, but not the easiest thing to do. So pick a name for the instance that you like. Set the ORACLE_SID variable accordingly with a command like:<pre> $ export ORACLE_SID=dev11ee</pre>
</li>
<li>In the next step we will create a database and configure it using 'Database Control'. In order to do this we first need a listener configured prior to creating the database, since we have just installed the software we currently have no listener so we need to configure one. Oracle Net is the networking infrastructure that allows applications running on other servers to access the database. The Oracle Net listener is a process that runs on the database server and monitors a TCP port for requests to access the database. The Oracle Net listener is configured by creating a file called listener.ora in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. In the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/samples directory you will find an example listener.ora file. Unfortunately, many Oracle security exploits involve the Oracle Net listener, and therefore it is important that you configure it properly and securely. A functional listener.ora file that uses operating system authentication for securing the Oracle Net listener is as follows:<pre> #
# Filename: listener.ora
#
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.88.99)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
</pre>
The permissions on the listener.ora file should be 640.</li>
<li>Start the Oracle Net listener with the following command:<pre> $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start</pre>
Depending upon your configuration of SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux) you may receive the error message<pre> cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied </pre>
this is due to unpublished bug 6140224 (see Metalink note 454196.1 for details). The recommended workaround, until the bug is resolved, is to change SELinux to Permissive mode which is done by editing the file /etc/selinux/config and changing the SELINUX value to "SELINUX=permissive" or "SELINUX=disabled" and then rebooting your server. You can confirm the status of SELinux using the command<pre> /usr/sbin/sestatus</pre>
</li>
<li>The Oracle client libraries invoked by an application wishing to access the database read configuration files called sqlnet.ora and tnsnames.ora in order to figure out how to find the Oracle Net listener and what connection parameters should be used. In the same directory where the sample listener.ora file is located, you will also find a sample sqlnet.ora and tnsnames.ora. You should create a sqlnet.ora file and a tnsnames.ora file in the same directory where you created your listener.ora file. Set the file permissions to 644. Copy these two files to all application servers or other machines that will access the database. Functional sqlnet.ora and tnsnames.ora files are as follows:<pre> #
# Filename: sqlnet.ora
#
NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN = dbspecialists.com
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)
#
# Filename: tnsnames.ora
#
DEV11EE.DBSPECIALISTS.COM =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.88.99)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dev11ee.dbspecialists.com)
)
)
</pre>
</li>
<li>Now we proceed with creating the database, launch the Database Configuration Assistant with the following commands:<pre> $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
$ ./dbca</pre>
We’ll walk through the prompts one at a time:<br />
<ol type="a">
<li>The dbca Welcome window appears. Click Next</li>
<li>The Operations windows appears with the 'Create a Database' operation selected. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Database Templates window appears. Here you choose a template (a set of default specifications) for the database you wish to create. Oracle provides templates called “General Purpose or Transaction Processing”, “Custom Database” and “Data Warehouse” Oracle has pre-built data files available for these three templates, meaning that database creation will go faster than if Oracle has to build the database from scratch. You can also choose Custom and create your own template. We will choose General Purpose here. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Database Identification window appears. Here you specify the global name and the instance name (SID) for the database. It would be nice if these fields defaulted from the ORACLE_SID environment variable, but this may or may not happen. In the Global Database Name field, enter the database name you selected, followed by a period and your domain name. For example, “dev11ee.dbspecialists.com”. The SID field will fill in automatically from the global name. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Management Options window appears. Here you indicate whether or not you wish to have the Enterprise Manager tool configured. Grid Control is Oracle’s enterprise-wide database management tool. This option will be grayed out if Grid Control infrastructure has not already been established. Database Control is a stand-alone management tool specifically configured to manage one database. If Grid Control is not present, the defaults in this window will specify to configure Database Control for this database. This will enable you to perform many database management functions for this database from a web browser. You may optionally configure Database Control to send you alerts via email and to back up the database daily. It does not hurt to choose Database Control configuration at this time—you can always shut it down later. We will not be covering the database backup feature here. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Database Credentials window appears. Every Oracle 11g database has accounts called SYS, SYSTEM, DBSNMP, and SYSMAN. You must provide passwords for each of these accounts, although you can choose to give all four the same password. It is easy to change passwords later, and members of the dba Linux group can access the database without a password and change passwords for any database account. Enter the initial passwords for these accounts and click Next. Your password should have a minimum of 8 characters in length and contain at least one upper case character, one lower case character and one digit.</li>
<li>The Database File Locations window appears. The files that make up an Oracle database can be stored on a regular file system or disks managed automatically by Oracle’s Automatic Storage Management facility. We will not be covering ASM here, so keep File System selected. Also on this screen you specify where on the file system the files that make up the database should initially reside. It will be easy to change file locations later, and database files can be spread over multiple directories. The default option on this window is to use the file location specified in the template. This is not a good idea as the location specified by the templates goes against standard conventions. Instead you should select “Use Common Location for All Database Files” and enter a mount point name followed by the oradata subdirectory, such as “/u01/oradata”. The location you enter here should match one of the directories you created in step 12 of the first section above. Click Next.</li>
<li>The Recovery Configuration window appears. A solid backup and recovery plan is absolutely necessary for any database that will hold data of any importance. However, there are many options available and needs vary greatly from one situation to the next. The flash recovery area is used by the “Flashback database” feature and also by Enterprise Manager if you chose to configure automatic database backups. Archiving, meanwhile, is necessary for databases that will be backed up while they are open. Archiving can be enabled easily at a later time. Since we are not covering backup and recovery strategies here, we will uncheck both options and click Next.</li>
<li>The Database Content window appears, it appears two tabs. Typically there will be no need for you to specify any custom scripts, and preloading the sample schemas can be helpful in a development database for seeing examples of various techniques. Make your selections and click Next.</li>
<li>The Initialization Parameters window appears. Tabs in this window let you set various initialization parameters, and a button lets you view and edit all parameters in a tabular form. Click on the Character Sets tab and select the character set for the database that matches the character set name you put into the oraenv script in an earlier step. It is hard to change the character set of a database, so make sure you are happy with your selection before proceeding. Initialization parameters, on the other hand, are easily changed later. In this window, therefore, you should make sure the character set is correct but not worry too much about the other settings. (Setting the character sets is very different from setting initialization parameters, so the fact that the Character Sets tab appears on a window entitled Initialization Parameters may be confusing.) Click Next.</li>
<li>The Database Storage window appears. Here you can review and edit the details of how the control files, online redo logs, data files, and tablespaces will be created. If you are using one of the templates that was provided, you will not be able to change very many settings. If you want to change the locations of some of the database files, you can do that here or after the database has been created. The default redo log size (50 Mb) is somewhat small, so you might want to change it. Again, you can do that here or after the database has been created. When you are satisfied with the settings, click Next.</li>
<li>The Creation Options window appears. You may choose to create the database now, generate scripts to create the database later, and/or save the settings as a template. Saving as a template allows you to create the database at a later time or create many similar databases more easily. Make your selection and click Finish.</li>
<li>A Confirmation window appears. Review all of your selections and click OK.</li>
<li>A progress window appears and database creation proceeds.</li>
<li>When database creation is complete, a window will appear which indicates the name of the database, the location of the parameter file, and the URL for accessing Enterprise Manager. Note this URL for future reference. Depending on what options you selected, additional accounts may have been created on the database besides the basic SYS, SYSTEM, DBSNMP, and SYSMAN. All additional accounts are now locked. You may click the Password Management button to unlock these accounts and set passwords if you wish, but you should only unlock an account if you have a specific reason for doing so. When you are finished, click the Exit button to exit the Database Creation Assistant.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>While logged onto the database server as the oracle user, run the following commands to set environment variables so that you will be able to access the database easily (substitute your Oracle instance name):<pre> $ export ORACLE_SID=dev11ee
$ export ORAENV_ASK=NO
$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv</pre>
</li>
<li>Now we have a database you can verify that Oracle Net is configured correctly by attempting to access the database from an application server or other remote server, or by using commands like the following on the database server directly:<pre> $ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT system@dev11ee
Enter password: <enter password="" system=""></enter></pre>
If you receive the error ORA-12170: TNS:Connect timeout occurred you should check your Linux firewall settings, if the firewall is active you will need to open up ports 1521 and 1158.<br />
</li>
<li>If you would like to move any of the data files or online redo logs for this database to another directory, use commands like the following:<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT
SQL> HOST mv -i /u01/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf /u02/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE
2 '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf' TO
3 '/u02/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf';
SQL> HOST mv -i /u01/oradata/dev11ee/redo01.log /u02/oradata/dev11ee/redo01.log
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE
2 '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/redo01.log' TO
3 '/u02/oradata/dev11ee/redo01.log';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL> EXIT</pre>
Note that this procedure does not work for control files. Relocating database control files will be covered in a later step.</li>
<li>In databases created with supplied templates, all data files have the “auto-extend” feature turned on. This means that when a data file becomes full, it will automatically grow larger as needed. The problem with this is that an application can get out of control and fill up an entire disk partition. It also means that you need to manage your free space at the operating system level. Many DBAs prefer to manage free space at the database level by pre-allocating space to data files and not using the auto-extend feature. You may resize data files and disable auto-extend with commands like:<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/system01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/sysaux01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/undotbs01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/temp01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/system01.dbf' RESIZE 850m;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/sysaux01.dbf' RESIZE 700m;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/undotbs01.dbf' RESIZE 50m;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/users01.dbf' RESIZE 20m;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata/dev11ee/temp01.dbf' RESIZE 50m;</pre>
</li>
<li>Oracle uses a server parameter file or “spfile” to store the initialization parameters—settings that affect the instance. The default parameter settings provided by the Database Configuration Assistant are not bad, but you may want to make some changes. Unfortunately, you cannot edit the spfile. Instead, you must export the contents of the spfile to a plain text file called a “pfile”. You can then edit the pfile and convert it back to an spfile for use on your database. (This might sound confusing, but is actually pretty straightforward.)Shut down the database and export the contents of the spfile into a pfile that you can edit with commands like:<br />
<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> CREATE PFILE='/home/oracle/dev11ee-params.txt'
2 FROM SPFILE;
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE</pre>
</li>
<li>Make a backup copy of the pfile you created in the previous step and edit the pfile to change parameters as you wish, based on your needs and your server’s capabilities. You can always change parameters again in the future, so you are not locking yourself into anything right now. Here is the pfile that we ended up with:<pre>*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dev11ee/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/dev11ee/control01.ctl',
'/u01/oradata/dev11ee/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='dbspecialists.com'
*.db_name='dev11ee'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=442499072
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1</pre>
</li>
<li>The database is created with two control files. The control file is a pretty small file that contains crucial configuration and synchronization information that Oracle needs in order to locate all the files that make up the database and keep them consistent. All copies of the control file are kept identical; whatever Oracle writes to one control file it also writes to the others. (Think of it like software mirroring.) It is a good idea to move one of the control files to another location. With the database shut down, you can go ahead and move the control files around as you wish. Be sure to change the control_files entry in your pfile accordingly.</li>
<li>Remove the existing spfile that the Database Configuration Assistant created, and the bogus pfile that it left behind, with the following commands:<pre>$ rm -i $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora
$ rm -i $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora</pre>
</li>
<li>Create a symbolic link from the location where Oracle looks for the spfile to the location where you will actually maintain the spfile:<pre>$ ln -s $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora \
$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora</pre>
</li>
<li>Now convert the pfile that you edited back into an spfile that Oracle can use with the following commands:<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> CREATE SPFILE='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora'
2 FROM PFILE='/home/oracle/dev11ee-params.txt';</pre>
</li>
<li>You are now ready to restart your database using your newly created spfile. Use the following commands to start the database and view the parameters that are in effect. These settings should match what you put in your pfile a few steps back:<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> STARTUP
SQL> SET PAGESIZE 100
SQL> SELECT name, value, isdefault
2 FROM v$parameter
3 ORDER BY isdefault, name;</pre>
</li>
<li>You can follow the above few steps at any time to make further changes to the parameters. However, if you only have a few changes to make, there is a much easier way than exporting the spfile into a pfile, editing the pfile, and converting back to an spfile. You can simply:<pre>$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET parameter = value
2 SCOPE = SPFILE;</pre>
This will update the setting in your spfile, and the change will take effect the next time you restart the instance. Many parameters are dynamic, meaning that you can change them on the fly without restarting the instance. For dynamic parameters, you can omit the SCOPE = line above and Oracle will change the parameter setting immediately and in the spfile. If you wish to unset a parameter use the following syntax<pre>SQL> ALTER SYSTEM RESET <parameter_name></parameter_name> SCOPE=SPFILE SID='*'
</pre>
</li>
<li>At this point you are ready to create tablespaces—logical groupings of data files—to hold your application data. You can put all of your data into one tablespace, or you can separate data into multiple tablespaces based on object type, object size, permanence, volatility, I/O volume, or any of a number of other criteria. In the past, choosing storage parameters and allocation schemes for database objects was rather tedious. Now it is quite simple because you can have Oracle do the space allocation and management automatically and it will do a pretty good job. Here is a sample tablespace creation statement for an application called “Flex”:<pre>CREATE TABLESPACE flex_data
DATAFILE '/u02/oradata/dev11ee/flex_data01.dbf' SIZE 500m
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;</pre>
</li>
<li>Create application roles if desired. Alternatively, you can use the default roles CONNECT, RESOURCE, and DBA.</li>
<li>Create your application accounts that will own the application schemas. Set the default tablespace to one of your application tablespaces designated to hold tables. Assign quotas on all of the application tablespaces where the account will need to be able to create schema objects. (You can use the keyword UNLIMITED.) You should not set any quota on the SYSTEM, SYSAUX, or TEMP tablespaces. Do not plan to create any application objects in the SYS or SYSTEM schemas, or store any application objects in the SYSTEM, SYSAUX, or TEMP tablespaces. Here is a sample application account creation statement:<pre>CREATE USER bob IDENTIFIED BY bob123
DEFAULT TABLESPACE flex_data
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON flex_data;</pre>
</li>
<li>Grant roles and/or system privileges to the application accounts. Note that if you grant the RESOURCE role to an account, that account will also receive the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege. This will let the account create objects in any tablespace, regardless of quotas. Think very carefully before granting the DBA role or allowing any accounts that have the UNLIMITED TABLESPACE privilege. Sample statements to grant and revoke privileges are as follows:<pre>GRANT connect, resource TO bob;
REVOKE unlimited tablespace FROM bob;</pre>
</li>
<li>Review the overall security of your database. Oracle Corporation has published a very detailed 25 page listing of recommended security checks. Download it from Oracle Technology Network at<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/pdf/twp_security_checklist_database.pdf" style="color: #722a04; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.oracle.com/technology/deploy/security/database-security/pdf/twp_security_checklist_database.pdf</a>.</li>
</ol>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="complete"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Complete the Server Configuration</span></b></div>
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These steps complete the configuration of your server for smooth Oracle operation. In this section we will change the oracle user’s login script to eliminate hardcoding, create individual operating system accounts for each database user, and configure the server to start the database and listeners automatically whenever the server is rebooted.</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', arial, helvetica; font-size: 11px;">
<li>Edit the login file (.bash_profile or .profile) for the oracle user to eliminate hardcodings and call the oraenv script to set the environment instead. The following will work with Bash, Bourne, or Korn shell:<pre> # Settings for Oracle environment
ORACLE_SID=dev11ee # Put your instance name here
ORAENV_ASK=NO
export ORACLE_SID ORAENV_ASK
. oraenv
ORAENV_ASK=YES
</pre>
Note that this script assumes that the /usr/local/bin directory is on your path. Also, if you use C shell then you should edit .cshrc and have it source coraenv.</li>
<li>Create separate Linux accounts for DBAs and database users who will log onto the database server directly. You should only log in as oracle when installing or patching software or stopping/starting the database. The Linux accounts for DBAs should be members of the dba group, and other users should not be members of the dba group. Give each of these accounts a login file like oracle’s so that their environment initializes correctly when they log in.</li>
<li>Edit the /etc/oratab file to verify that the entry for your database is correct. Lines starting with a pound sign are considered comments and are ignored. Each non-comment line contains the name of one Oracle instance, its Oracle home, and a Y or N. A Y indicates that the database should be started automatically on server reboot, and an N indicates that it should not. The three fields should be separated by colons. A sample /etc/oratab file looks like this:<pre> #
# /etc/oratab
# ===========
#
dev11ee:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y</pre>
</li>
<li>To make the database and listeners start up automatically when the server reboots and shut down automatically when the server shuts down, you’ll need to create a dbora file in /etc/init.d and either user the chkconfig command or manually link dbora to /etc/rc3.d and /etc/rc0.d. You’ll need to do this as the root user. First create a file called dbora in /etc/init.d as follows:<pre>#
# chkconfig: 35 99 10
# description: Start and stop the Oracle database, listener and DB Control
#
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start') # Start the Oracle databases and listeners
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORA_HOME"
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "export ORACLE_SID=dev11ee; $ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
'stop') # Stop the Oracle databases and listeners
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "export ORACLE_SID=dev11ee; $ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORA_HOME"
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dbora
;;
esac</pre>
Set the permissions on the dbora file to 700:<pre> $ chmod 700 /etc/init.d/dbora</pre>
After creating the dbora file, you need to link it to /etc/rc3.d and /etc/rc0.d for startup and shutdown. You may do this manually as follows:<pre> $ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc3.d/S99dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc5.d/S99dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc0.d/K10dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc1.d/K10dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc2.d/K10dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc4.d/K10dbora
$ ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc6.d/K10dbora</pre>
Alternatively, you may use the chkconfig command to create the links as follows:<pre> $ cd /etc/init.d
$ /sbin/chkconfig --add dbora</pre>
</li>
</ol>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Conclusion</span></b></div>
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This paper walks you through the intricate details of getting Oracle Database 11g release 2 up and running on a database server running Linux. It may look complicated, but that’s only because this paper goes down to a nitty-gritty level of detail.</div>
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Please keep in mind, though, that the requirements are different for every Oracle implementation. We are extremely confident that if you follow these steps to install Oracle Database 11g release 2 (Oracle version 11.2.0) on a server with Red Hat Enterprise Linux and an x86_64 hardware platform, the process will go very smoothly for you. Things should go nearly as smoothly if you use another Linux distribution certified by Oracle or another hardware platform such as x86. However, no single document can address every specific hardware configuration and every set of business needs. Please use this paper as a starting point to get Oracle up and running in your shop. To get the best performance and scalability, each system needs to be considered individually.</div>
<br />
<br />
Source <a href="http://www.dbspecialists.com/oracle11glinux.html">DB Specialist</a>.<br />
<br />
<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4231119218538840185.post-62749556606338318602014-10-17T12:03:00.001+08:002014-10-17T16:20:44.442+08:00How to configure sendmail server in Linux<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9200000762939px; padding: 5px 0px; text-align: justify;">
In a company environment, email is an essential component to the work day. Email is used to communicate with both internal employees and external customers. In exam you will be tested to configure the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">send mail server</strong> for you local LAN.</div>
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By default sendmail server allows to connect to local host only. So we should edit the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</strong> file to allow connect to other hosts.</div>
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The <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail</strong> daemon is configured from a directory of files in /etc/mail and a directory of configuration files in <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/usr/share/sendmail-cf</strong>. There are two basic configuration files:</div>
<ul class="ul_star" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 21px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_star.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; line-height: 17px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 16px 0px 24px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.cf</strong> The main sendmail configuration file.</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_star.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; line-height: 17px; list-style: none outside none; margin: 12px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 16px 0px 24px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.mc </strong>A macro that's easier to edit, which can be used to generate a new <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.cf</strong> file.</li>
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For this example we are using two systems one linux server one linux clients. These are the pre quest for a sendmail server</div>
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<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">A linux server with ip address 192.168.0.254 and hostname Server</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">A linux client with ip address 192.168.0.1 and hostname Client1</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">A Configured DNS server on Linux server</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">Updated /etc/hosts file on both linux system</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">Running portmap and xinetd services</li>
<li style="background: url(http://computernetworkingnotes.com/templates/shape5_vertex/images/typography/s5_ul_arrow.png) 0% 0% no-repeat transparent; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 18px;">Firewall should be off on server</li>
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We suggest you to review that article and configure DNS server before start configuration of <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail server.</strong> Once you have completed the necessary steps follow this guide.</div>
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Configure sendmail server</h3>
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<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail</strong> and <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m4 </strong>rpm are required to configure sendmail server check them for install if not found install them.<br />
<img alt="sendmail rpm" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_ser_rpm.jpg" height="100" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="356" /></div>
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Mail server program reads the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</strong>. To change the configuration on mail server, we should edit the<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</strong> file. When Sendmail is started or restarted with the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">service sendmail restart</strong> command a new <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.cf</strong> file is automatically generated if <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.mc</strong> has been modified. In exam you should generate it with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m4</strong> command.</div>
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open <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</strong> for editing<br />
<img alt="vi /etc/mail/sendmail.conf" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_ser_vi_conf.jpg" height="20" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="437" /><br />
show hidden line with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">: set nu </strong>option on vi command mode</div>
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By default, the following line limits sendmail access to connect local host only <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">[line no 116] </strong><br />
<img alt="sendmail.mc" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_line116.jpg" height="81" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="574" /><br />
You can allow other computers to use your <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail server</strong> by commenting out this line.</div>
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In the <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.mc</strong> file , lines that begin with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">dnl</strong>, which stands for delete to new line, are considered comments. Some lines end with dnl, but lines ending in dnl are not comments</div>
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comment this line with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">dnl</strong> keyword followed by <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># </strong>sign<br />
<img alt="sendmail.mc" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_line116_ed.jpg" height="85" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="605" /><br />
save this file with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">:wq</strong> and exit.</div>
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Now generate new <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.cf</strong> file by using <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m4</strong> command as shown here<br />
<img alt="m4" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_ser_m4.jpg" height="34" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="626" /></div>
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Now restart <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail service</strong> and also set it on with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">chkconfig</strong><br />
<img alt="service sendmail restart" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_ser_service_restart.jpg" height="161" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="604" /><br />
if <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail service</strong> restart without any error means you have configured <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail</strong> successfully.</div>
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Configure sendmail client side</h3>
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We are using another linux system to test <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail server</strong>. All configuration are same as you have done on server system.</div>
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Check <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail</strong> and <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m4</strong> rpm for install. Open <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/etc/mail/sendmail.mc</strong> file and locate <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">line no 116</strong> and put a <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">dnl</strong> with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"># </strong>sing and save file. All step are same which you have done on server.</div>
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Now generate new <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail.cf</strong> file by using <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">m4</strong> command as shown here<br />
<img alt="m4" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_cl_m4.jpg" height="33" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="629" /></div>
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Now restart <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail service</strong> and also set it on with <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">chkconfig</strong><br />
<img alt="service sendmail restart" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_cl_service_restrat.jpg" height="161" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="606" /></div>
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Testing of sendmail server</h3>
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We will test <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">sendmail server</strong>by sending and receiving mail in lab environment. for this we use two user one on each system.</div>
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Now create one user on each system <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">vinita</strong> on server<br />
<img alt="useradd" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/useradd_vinita.jpg" height="130" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="400" /><br />
and nikita on <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">client system</strong><br />
<img alt="useradd" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_cl_useradd.jpg" height="130" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="400" /></div>
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Now send mail from user vinita to nikita and from nikita to user vinita and also check each others mail by <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">mail command</strong></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_testing_vinita.jpg" height="387" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="550" /></div>
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Use full user name to send mail. For example to send mail to nikita use <strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">nikita@client1</strong></div>
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<img alt="" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_testing_nikita0.jpg" height="115" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="550" /><br />
<img alt="" border="0" class="padded s5_lazyload" src="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/images/rhce_certification/image/ass42_testing_nikita.jpg" height="323" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; -webkit-transition: all 300ms ease-out; border: 4px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(148, 147, 147) 0px 0px 3px; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; margin: 2px 10px 8px 0px; max-width: 100%; opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: all 300ms ease-out;" width="550" /></div>
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Source <a href="http://computernetworkingnotes.com/network-administrations/sendmail-server.html">Computer Networking Notes</a>.<br />
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<br />Psychic Zerohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08662941162580228776noreply@blogger.com0