Open-source Linux is a popular alternative to Microsoft Windows, and if you choose to use this low-cost or free operating system, you need to know some basic Linux commands to make your system smoothly. The most common Linux commands are shown in this table.
Command | Description |
---|---|
cat [filename] | Display file’s contents to the standard output device (usually your monitor). |
cd /directorypath | Change to directory. |
chmod [options] mode filename | Change a file’s permissions. |
chown [options] filename | Change who owns a file. |
clear | Clear a command line screen/window for a fresh start. |
cp [options] source destination | Copy files and directories. |
date [options] | Display or set the system date and time. |
df [options] | Display used and available disk space. |
du [options] | Show how much space each file takes up. |
file [options] filename | Determine what type of data is within a file. |
find [pathname] [expression] | Search for files matching a provided pattern. |
grep [options] pattern [filesname] | Search files or output for a particular pattern. |
kill [options] pid | Stop a process. If the process refuses to stop, use kill -9 pid. |
less [options] [filename] | View the contents of a file one page at a time. |
ln [options] source [destination] | Create a shortcut. |
locate filename | Search a copy of your filesystem for the specified filename. |
lpr [options] | Send a print job. |
ls [options] | List directory contents. |
man [command] | Display the help information for the specified command. |
mkdir [options] directory | Create a new directory. |
mv [options] source destination | Rename or move file(s) or directories. |
passwd [name [password]] | Change the password or allow (for the system administrator) to change any password. |
ps [options] | Display a snapshot of the currently running processes. |
pwd | Display the pathname for the current directory. |
rm [options] directory | Remove (delete) file(s) and/or directories. |
rmdir [options] directory | Delete empty directories. |
ssh [options] user@machine | Remotely log in to another Linux machine, over the network. Leave an ssh session by typing exit. |
su [options] [user [arguments]] | Switch to another user account. |
tail [options] [filename] | Display the last n lines of a file (the default is 10). |
tar [options] filename | Store and extract files from a tarfile (.tar) or tarball (.tar.gz or .tgz). |
top | Displays the resources being used on your system. Press q to exit. |
touch filename | Create an empty file with the specified name. |
who [options] | Display who is logged on. |
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